Saturday, November 13, 2010

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္၏ ႏွလုံးသား ပုံရိပ္မ်ား-အပုိင္း (၇).........................

ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္၏ ႏွလုံးသား ပုံရိပ္မ်ား-အပုိင္း (၇).........................

by San Maung on Saturday, November 13, 2010 at 11:31am

" ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္၏ ႏွလုံးသား ပုံရိပ္မ်ား-အပုိင္း (၇) "

 

ေမာင္ေမာင္၀မ္း) nov 12,2010

 

"က်ေနာ္တို႔တေတြ "ည" ဆိုတဲ့ ကာလတစ္ခုကို အခ်ိန္အားျဖင့္ အဓိပၸါယ္အားျဖင့္ လိုသလို ဆြဲယူလို႔ မရႏိုင္ေတာ့ဘူးလား။ ည ဟာ ေန ့ရဲ့ ေရွ႕ေတာ္ေျပး ၊ ေလေျပေလညွင္းကေလးေကာ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဘူးလား။ ည ဟာ အႏႈတ္လကၡဏာ မဟုတ္ဘဲ အေပါင္းလကၡဏာရဲ့ မိခင္ အျဖစ္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေျပာင္းယူလို႔ မရႏိုင္ေတာ့ဘူးလား။" ( ကဗ်ာဆရာ-ၿငိမ္းေ၀ )

 

အမိၿမန္မာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ဒီမုိကေရစီနဲ႔လူ႕အခြင္႔ေရး ရရွိေရး-အမ်ိဳးသားလြတ္ေၿမာက္မႈ႔တုိက္ပြဲဟာ သိပ္ႀကမ္းတမ္းလွပါတယ္။ ခက္ခဲနက္နဲလွပါတယ္။ အေမွာင္ထုအားႀကီးလြန္းလွပါတယ္။ ေပးဆပ္မႈ႔ေတြလည္း မ်ားလြန္းလွပါတယ္။

 

 

အဖုိးတန္ေသာအရာမွန္သမွ် ခက္ခက္ခဲခဲလုပ္ယူမွ ရတတ္တယ္....ဆုိတဲ႔ ဥပေဒသကလည္း ရွိေနတယ္မဟုတ္လား။ အေမွာင္ဆုံးေသာ သန္းေခါင္ဟာ အရုဏ္ဦးဖုိ႔အတြက္ နိမိတ္လကၡဏာရပ္ေတြမ်ားၿဖစ္လာေလလိမ္႔မလား။

 

ဒီလုိနဲ႔...တေန႔ က်ေနာ္အိမ္ကုိ ၿပန္အေရာက္ၿပီး မႀကာခင္မွာပဲ အိမ္ေရွ႕ကုိ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးက ကားတစီးထုိးဆုိက္လာတယ္။ကားေပၚကေန လူ ၃ဦးဆင္းလာၿပီး အိမ္ထဲကုိ၀င္လာတယ္။ က်ေနာ္က သိလုိက္ပါတယ္ ။ သူတုိ႔ဘယ္သူေတြလဲ ဆုိတာ ။

 

က်ေနာ္က အိမ္ေရွ႕ဧည္႔ခန္းမွာ လူမႈ႕၀တၱရားအရ ဧည္႔ခံလုိက္ေတာ႔ သူတုိ႔ထဲက တေယာက္က မိတ္ဆက္ေပးတယ္၊ တေယာက္က ဗုိလ္ႀကီးအဆင္႔ရွိသူ၊ေနာက္တစ္ေယာက္ကေတာ႔ ဒုတပ္ႀကပ္တေယာက္ ၊ က်ေနာ္႔ကုိ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးေနသူက က်ေနာ္ေနထုိင္ရာအရပ္မွာ တာ၀န္က်ေနတဲ႔ နယ္ေၿမခံ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတပ္ႀကပ္ႀကီး။ က်ေနာ္နည္းနည္းေတာ႔သေဘာေပါက္လုိက္တယ္ ။ဒါလာဖမ္းတာေတာ႔ မၿဖစ္နုိင္ေသးဘူး...ဆုိၿပီး (ဘာရယ္လုိ႔ေတာ႔မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ခန္႔မွန္းႀကည္႔မိတာပါ။) အႀကီးဆုံးအဆင္႔ၿဖစ္တဲ႔ ဗုိလ္ႀကီးဆုိသူက စ ေၿပာလာတယ္--------။

 

"မနက္ျဖန္မွာ ကၽေနာ္တုိ႔ လူႀကီးက ခင္ဗ်ားတုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသားေတြနဲ႔ေတြ႔ခ်င္တယ္ဆုိၿပီး....အေႀကာင္းႀကားလာလုိ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားဆီ လာခဲ႔တာပါ"။ ေၿပာေၿပာဆုိဆုိနဲ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕လက္ကုိ ကမ္းေပးေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္လည္း လက္ဆြဲႏႈတ္ဆက္ရင္း ကေန........

 

" ဘယ္သူလဲ.. ခင္ဗ်ားတုိ႔လူႀကီးဆုိတာ ဘယ္သူလဲ" ဆုိေတာ႔......

 

" အဲဒါေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္လည္းမသိဘူး.. က်ေနာ္တုိ႔တပ္မႈး (ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး ၁၆-ေတာင္ဥကၠလာပ )ကေန လႊတ္ၿပီး အေႀကာင္းႀကားခုိင္းလုိက္လုိ႔ လာေၿပာတာပါ"

 

" ဒါဆုိ .. ခင္ဗ်ားတုိ႔ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတပ္မႈးေတာ႔ မဟုတ္ႏုိင္ဘူး "

 

" သူေတာ႔ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး … လူႀကီးတေယာက္ေတာ႔ လူႀကီးတေယာက္ပဲ"

 

က်ေနာ္သေဘာေပါက္လုိက္ၿပီ၊လြန္ခဲ႔တဲ႔ ၂ ရက္က နအဖဆီ အေႀကာင္းႀကားစာကုိ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔တေတြ အန္တီအိမ္ထဲမွာ လုံၿခဳံေရးတာ၀န္ယူထားတဲ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြကေန တဆင္႔ပုိ႔ခုိင္းလုိက္တာ အဲဒီကိစၥပဲ ၿဖစ္ႏုိင္ေလာက္မယ္။ စိတ္ထဲမွာ ေကာက္ခ်က္ခ်ေနရင္းက…

 

" အဲဒါ… ခင္ဗ်ားတုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသားေတြ စုစုေပါင္း ၅ ေယာက္ကေန ၁၀ေယာက္ထက္ မပုိဘဲေတြ႔ခ်င္တယ္တဲ႔.. ၿဖစ္ႏုိင္..မၿဖစ္ႏုိင္ က်ေနာ့္ကုိ အခုအေႀကာင္းၿပန္လုိ႔ရႏုိင္မလား"

 

မုိးကအေတာ္ကုိ ခ်ဳပ္ေနၿပီ၊ စီစဥ္ဖိုု႕ဆုိတာ ဘယ္လုိမွ မၿဖစ္ႏုိင္။ ေတြ႔ရမွာက မနက္ၿဖန္ဆုိေတာ႔ သိပ္ေတာ႔လြယ္လိမ္႔မယ္လုိ႔ က်ေနာ္မထင္မိ..။

 

" မနက္ၿဖန္ေတြ႔ရမယ္ဆုိတာေတာ႔.. သိပ္လြယ္မယ္ မထင္ဘူးဗ်.. ။က်ေနာ္က်န္တဲ႔သူေတြကုိ လုိက္ အေႀကာင္းႀကားရဦးမွာ"

 

"ဒါဆို ဘယ္ေန႔ေလာက္ ၿဖစ္ႏုိင္မလဲ…သိပ္ေတာ႔ မခြာနဲ႔ေပါ႔ဗ်ာ"

 

က်ေနာ္စဥ္းစားႀကည္႔မိတယ္။ဒီကိစၥကုိ ေပါ႔ေပါ႔လုပ္လုိ႔မၿဖစ္၊ က်ေနာ္ လူႀကီးေတြနဲ႔တုိင္ပင္မွၿဖစ္မည္။သို္႔မဟုတ္ဘူး ဆုိရင္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔သမုိင္းကုိ ထိခုိက္ႏုိင္သည္႔အရာ ၿဖစ္ေနရင္ ဘယ္လုိ လုပ္မလဲ၊ သူတုိ႔နဲ႔ဆက္ဆံရတာ နည္းနည္းေတာ႔ လန္႔သည္။အဖမ္းခံရမွာကုိ လန္႔တာေတာ႔မဟုတ္ပါ၊ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ သမုိင္းပုတ္ေၿမာင္းထဲ ထုိးက်သြားမွာကုိ စုိးရိမ္မိသည္။ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြ လုပ္တတ္သည္႔ အက်င္႔ဆုိးေတြကုိ ေတြ႔ႀကံဳဖူးသူတေယာက္အေနၿဖင္႔ လြယ္လြယ္နဲ႔မဆုံးၿဖတ္ရဲ…….။

 

" က်ေနာ္ အဆုံးၿဖတ္ေပးလုိ႔ မရနုိင္ဘူးဗ်…..။ တုိင္ပင္ရဦးမယ္..။ ဒါေတာ႔ခြင္႔ၿပဳပါ "

 

ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအရာရွိ နည္းနည္းေတာ႔ စိတ္ရႈတ္သြားဟန္ရွိတယ္..။ ၿပီးမွ သူက..

 

" ေနဦး.. က်ေနာ္ လူႀကီးဆီ လွမ္းသတင္းပုိ႔ ေမးႀကည္႔ဦးမယ္ " ဆုိၿပီး က်ေနာ္႔ တုိ႔အိမ္ထဲကေန ကားရပ္ထားတဲ႔ေနရာကုိ ထြက္သြားၿပီးဖုန္းတလုံးနဲ႔ အဆက္သြယ္သြားလုပ္ေနတာကုိ ၿပတင္းေပါက္ကေန လွမ္းၿမင္ေနရတယ္။နည္းနည္းေတာ႔ႀကာတယ္ ။ ၁၅ မိနစ္ေလာက္ရွိမယ္ထင္တယ္။ အိမ္ထဲက်န္ရစ္ခဲ႔တဲ႔သူေတြကေတာ႔ ဖြင္႔ထားတဲ႔ တီဗြီ ကုိ ႀကည္႔ရင္း ေစာင္႔ေနႀကတယ္။ေနာက္ၿပန္၀င္လာၿပီး…….

 

" သဘက္ခါေလာက္ေတာ႔ၿဖစ္ေအာင္လုပ္ေပးပါ....တဲ႔" " က်ေနာ္ႀကိဳးစားႀကည္႔ပါ႔မယ္…။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အာမ ေတာ႔ မခံရဲဘူး ..။ ေတြ႔မယ္ ..မေတြ႔ဘူး..ဆုိတာ။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔တုိင္ပင္ခ်င္ပါေသးတယ္ ..။ တကယ္လုိ႔ အေႀကာင္းၿပန္ႀကားမယ္ဆုိရင္.. ဘယ္လုိလုပ္ရမလဲ "

 

" ဟုတ္ၿပီေလ ....က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ခင္ဗ်ားဆီကုိ လာဆက္သြယ္ပါ႔မယ္ .. ။က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ဆီကုိ အၿမန္ဆုံးအေႀကာင္းၿပန္ေပးပါ "

 

ေၿပာေၿပာဆုိဆုိနဲ႔ အရာရွိလုပ္သူက ထၿပီး က်ေနာ္အပါ၀င္ အိမ္မွာရွိေနတဲ႔ သူငယ္ခ်င္းမိသားစုမ်ားကုိ ႏႈတ္ဆက္ၿပီး ထြက္သြားေတာ႔တယ္။ က်ေနာ္က သူငယ္ခ်င္းလုပ္သူနဲ႔မိသားစုကို မွာထားရတယ္။တကယ္လုိ႔ သူတုိ႔ ဒီကုိလာၿပီး ေဆြးေႏြးတာတုိ႔ ......စကားေၿပာတာတုိ႔ကုိ မွတ္ထားေပးဖို ့၊ အဲသလုိမဟုတ္ရင္ သူတုိ႔က ၿပင္ပမွာ မဟုတ္မဟတ္ေတြ ေၿပာဆုိလာရင္ အခက္ႀကဳံမွာ ေႀကာက္ရလုိ႔ သက္ေသထူထားတာပါ။

 

 

ဒီလုိနဲ႔ ေနာက္ရက္မွာပဲ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ားနဲ႔ဆုံေတြ႔ၿပီး နအဖ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအရာရွိရဲ႕ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္ကုိ တင္ၿပတုိင္ပင္ ေဆြးေႏြးႀကတယ္။ အားလုံးကေတာ႔ သြားေရာက္ေတြ႔ဆုံဖို ့ကုိ သေဘာတူခဲ႔ႀကၿပီး ၊ ဆက္လက္ၿပီးေတာ႔ အန္တီစုအပါ၀င္ လူႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ဆက္လက္တုိင္ပင္ဖို ့ကုိပါ စီစဥ္ခဲ႔ႀကတယ္။ အန္တီစုအပါ၀င္ NLD က လူႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ေတြ႔ဆုံေတာ႔ အားလုံးက သြားေရာက္ေတြ႔ဆုံဖို ့ကုိ အားေပးခဲ႔တယ္။ အန္တီစုကေတာ႔-----

 

<span> " အန္တီတုိ႔ေတာင္ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးဖို ့အၿမဲေတာင္းဆုိေနတာပဲ …။ အခုလုိ သားတုိ႔ကုိ ေတြ႔ဖို႕ ့ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္အတြက္ သြားသင္႔ပါတယ္…။ဘာပဲၿဖစ္ၿဖစ္ အက်ိဳးအေႀကာင္း သိရတာေပါ႔ "</span>

 

က်ေနာ္ ညေနဘက္ ေနေတာ္ေတာ္ေစာင္းလုိ႔ အိမ္ၿပန္သြားေတာ႔ နယ္ေၿမခံေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတပ္ႀကပ္ႀကီးက အိမ္မွာ အဆင္သင္႔ေစာင္႔ေနတယ္..။ က်ေနာ္က အက်ိဳးအေႀကာင္းကုိ ရွင္းၿပၿပီး က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ား လာေခၚဖို ့ကုိပါ စီစဥ္ခုိင္းေတာ႔ သူက .." အားလုံးစီစဥ္ေပးမယ့္အေႀကာင္း" ေၿပာၿပီးၿပန္သြားခဲ႔တယ္။

 

က်ေနာ္႔ရဲ႕စိတ္ထဲမေတာ႔ မယုံရဲယုံရဲ နဲ႔ အေကာင္းဘက္ၿဖစ္ပါေစလုိ႔ပဲ ေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ရင္း ..။ ေနာက္တေန႔မွာေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ သတ္မွတ္ထားတဲ႔ေနရာမွာ သူတုိ႔ ကားႏွစ္စီးနဲ႔လာႀကိဳတယ္။ တစီးက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ေခၚသြားတဲ႔ကားၿဖစ္ၿပီး ေနာက္တစီးကေတာ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးအမွတ္ ( ၁၆ ) က တပ္မႈးစီးလာတဲ႔ကား။ သူက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကားရဲ႕ေရွ႕ဘက္ကေန ေမာင္းရင္း.. သြားေနတာကေတာ႔ ၿမိဳ႕ထဲဘက္ပဲ..။ ဘယ္ကုိသြားေနတာလဲဆုိတာ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔လည္း တိတိက်က် မသိဘူး..။ေနာက္ေတာ႔မွ.. ၀န္ႀကီးမ်ားရုံးထဲကုိ ထုိး၀င္သြားတယ္။ အဲဒီ၀န္းထဲေရာက္ေတာ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး ဘာရုံးလည္း မသိဘူး ။နည္းနည္းေတာ႔အေဆာက္အဦက ႀကီးတယ္.. ။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ကားေပၚက ဆင္းခုိင္းၿပီး.."ပါလာတဲ႔အိတ္ေတြ၊ စာအုပ္ေတြကုိ အၿပင္မွာ ထားခဲ႔ဖုိ႔ " ေၿပာတယ္။ ေနာက္ အစည္းေ၀းခန္းမလုိ (အခန္းကုိ ေလးေထာင္႔စားပြဲ ပုံစံ ပတ္လည္ခင္းထား)ေနရာကုိ ေရာက္ေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ထုိင္ခုိင္းလုိက္တယ္။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ စားပြဲရဲ႕တဘက္မွာ တန္းစီၿပီး ထားတယ္။ၿပီးေတာ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရး ဗုိလ္ႀကီးလုပ္သူက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ထဲက ပါလာတဲ႔သူေတြရဲ႕ နာမည္ကုိ တေယာက္ခ်င္းစီ လုိက္ေမးၿပီး... သူ႕ရဲ႕မွတ္စုစာအုပ္ေလးထဲမွာ ေရးမွတ္တယ္..။

 

သိပ္မႀကာခင္မွာပဲ .. အရပ္၀တ္ အရပ္စား လူ၅ ေယာက္ေလာက္ ၀င္လာၿပီး အေအးပုလင္းေတြနဲ႔၊ ကိတ္မုန္႔ေတြ သယ္လာၿပီး.. က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ တည္ခင္းေကၽြးေမြး.. သူတုိ႔ အားလုံးကလည္း က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ၿပဳံးၿပဳံးရႊင္ရႊင္နဲ႔ ဆက္ဆံေနေလေတာ႔.. က်ေနာ္႔စိတ္ထဲမွာ " အေၿခအေနကေတာ႔ သိပ္မဆုိးဘူး " လုိ႔ေကာက္ခ်က္ခ်မိတယ္..။ က်ေနာ္က ေဘးနားမွာရွိတဲ႔ ေက်ာင္းသား ခင္ေမာင္သိန္း ( NLD-ကုိကိုးကြ်န္း လႊတ္ေတာ္ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ ဦးလွသန္း သား ) ကုိ တုိးတုိးေလး ကပ္ေၿပာတယ္…။

 

<span> " ေဟ႔ေကာင္ ...အကုန္စားကြ…။ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးက ဒီလုိေကၽြးတာ စားရခဲတယ္" ဆုိေတာ႔ -ေဘးတဘက္က ေက်ာင္းသူတဦးက လက္ညႈိးေလးကုိ ပါးစပ္နားမွာကပ္ၿပီး……

 

"ရႈး..တုိးတုိး.. အခန္းထဲမွာ အသံဖမ္းစက္ေတြ တပ္ထားရင္တပ္ထားမွာ ။ သိပ္စကားမေၿပာနဲ႔ေတာ႔ " </span>ဆုိေတာ႔မွ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔လည္း ခ်ေကြ်းတာေတြကို စားေနခ်ိန္မွာပဲ.. ကင္မရာေတြ ကုိင္လာတဲ႔လူတခ်ိဳ႕ အခန္းထဲ ၀င္လာတယ္..။

 

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔စားေသာက္ေနတဲ႔ပုံေတြကုိ..တဖ်န္းဖ်န္းနဲ႔ ဓါတ္ပုံရုိက္ယူေတာ႔တာပဲ..။ဘာေတြလုပ္ႀကမွန္းေတာ႔ မသိေသးဘူး။ ဓါတ္ပုံရုိက္သူေတြ ထြက္သြားၿပီး ခဏေလးအႀကာမွာပဲ အခန္းထဲကုိ ယူနီေဖာင္းနဲ႔လူႀကီးလုိ႔ေၿပာတဲ႔သူ ၀င္လာတယ္။ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတပ္မႈးရယ္၊ ဗုိလ္ႀကီးရယ္က ထ အေလးၿပဳ ေနခ်ိန္မွာ.... က်ေနာ္အကဲခပ္လုိက္ေတာ႔.. အဆင္႔က ဗုိလ္မႈးႀကီးအဆင္႔ ။ က်ေနာ္က လူပုဂၢိဳလ္ကုိ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ မသိဘူး ။ သူက စားပြဲထိပ္ တည္႔တည္႔မွာ ေနရာယူအၿပီး ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးက ဗုိလ္ႀကီးက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔တေယာက္ခ်င္းစီရဲ႕နာမည္ကုိေခၚၿပီး အဲဒီ ဗုိလ္မႈးႀကီးနဲ႔ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးတယ္။

 

 

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးၿပီးမွ.. သူကပဲ.." ဒါကေတာ႔ ဗုိလ္မႈးႀကီးသန္းထြန္း ပါ " ဆုိေတာ႔မွ က်ေနာ္လည္း သိေတာ႔တယ္။ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ခင္ညြန္႔ရဲ႕လက္ရုံး (သူ ့ရာထူး တိတိက်က်ေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္လည္း မသိဘူး).. ၿပီးေတာ႔ သူ႔ရဲ႕ရင္ဘတ္မွာလည္း အမ်ိဳးသားညီလာခံကုိယ္စားလွယ္ဆုိတာႀကီးလည္း တပ္လာေသးတယ္ဗ်။ သေဘာကေတာ႔ ၀တ္စုံၿပည္႔၊တာ၀န္ၿပည္႔သေဘာ။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔အားလုံးကုိ တခ်က္ေ၀ွ႔ႀကည္႔ၿပီး..ၿပဳံးၿပတယ္..။ ၿပီးမွ သူ႔ေရွ႔မွာတင္ထားတဲ႔ ယူလာတဲ႔ မွတ္စုစာအုပ္ေလးကုိဖြင္႔ရင္း………

 

" က်ေနာ္ ဖတ္ၿပတာေလး ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာနားေထာင္ေပးပါေနာ္ " ဆုိၿပီး......

 

" မႀကာေသးမွီက ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ားရဲ႕ကမ္းလွမ္းဖိတ္ေခၚခ်က္ကုိ သိရွိရတဲ႔အေႀကာင္း..၊ အဆုိပါ ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္ကုိ လက္ခံရန္မွာ အခ်ိန္ကာလအားၿဖင္႔ ေစာေနေသးေႀကာင္း..၊ အေၿခေနတရပ္ကုိေစာင္႔ႀကည္႔ရန္လုိေနေသးေႀကာင္း ..." စသၿဖင္႔စာအုပ္ေလးကုိ ႀကည္႔ၿပီးဖတ္ၿပပါတယ္။

 

" က်ေနာ္ ေၿပာတာရွင္းရဲ႕လား မသိဘူး " ဆုိေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔အားလုံးက "ရွင္းတဲ႔အေႀကာင္း"ၿပန္ေၿပာလုိက္တယ္။ စိတ္ထဲမေတာ႔ "ဒါေလးဖတ္ၿပတာမ်ား စာအုပ္ဖြင္႔ဖတ္လုပ္ေနရေသးတယ္၊ဒီအတုိင္း ပါးစပ္က ေၿပာလည္း ရေနရဲ႔သားနဲ႔။"လို ့ေျပာမိတယ္။

 

ၿပီးမွ ဗုိလ္မႈးႀကီးသန္းထြန္းက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ .. "ဘာမ်ားေၿပာခ်င္ေသးလဲ"ဆုိေတာ႔.. က်ေနာ္တုိ႔လည္း တေယာက္ခ်င္းစီ ေၿပာေတာ႔တာပဲ…။

 

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတဲ႔ အမ်ိဳးသားၿပန္လည္သင္႔ၿမတ္ေရးလမ္းစဥ္ကုိ က်ေနာ္ကရွင္းၿပတယ္.. ။က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ထဲက ေက်ာင္းသူ ခင္ေလးငယ္နဲ႔ ေအးေအးခုိင္ တုိ႔ကလည္း အန္တီစုရဲ႕ယေန႔ရပ္တည္ခ်က္၊သေဘာထားေတြကုိ ပြင္႔ပြင္႔လင္းလင္းခ်ၿပႀကတယ္။ သူကေတာ႔ သိပ္ၿပန္မေၿပာပါဘူး၊နားပဲေထာင္ေနတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဗုိလ္မႈးႀကီးသန္းထြန္းနဲ႔စုစုေပါင္းေဆြးေႏြးခ်ိန္ နာရီ၀က္သာသာပါပဲ။ေနာက္ေတာ႔ၿပန္လာခဲ႔ႀကတယ္။

 

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိၿပန္ပုိ႔ေတာ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးဗုိလ္ႀကီးလုပ္သူက လုိက္ပုိ႔ေပးတယ္။သူက က်ေနာ္တုိ႔သေဘာမေနာကုိ သိေနလုိ႔လားမသိဘူး၊" အန္တီစုအိမ္ဘက္လုိက္ပုိ႔ေပးရမွာ မဟုတ္လား" ဆုိေတာ႔.. က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က တၿပိဳင္နက္ထဲ ေခါင္းၿငိမ္႔လုိက္ႀကတယ္။

 

 

အန္တီစုအိမ္ေရာက္ေတာ႔ အဆင္သင္႔ပဲ က်န္တဲ႔လူႀကီးေတြၿဖစ္တဲ႔.. ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ဦးတင္ဦး၊ ဦးႀကည္ေမာင္တုိ႔နဲ႔ပါေတြ႔ေတာ႔ အက်ိဳးအေႀကာင္းကုိ တင္ၿပႀကတယ္။ အန္တီကေတာ႔…

 

<span>" သားတုိ႔အေနနဲ႔ လုပ္စရာရွိတာေတြ လုပ္ခဲ႔ၿပီးၿပီပဲ.. ကုိယ္႔တာ၀န္ေက်တာေပါ႔.. ကုိယ္ကလည္း ကုိယ္လုပ္စရာရွိတာ ဆက္လုပ္ေပါ႔ " </span>

 

က်ေနာ္႔ရင္ထဲမေတာ႔ နည္းနည္း စုိးထိတ္မိတာ ရွိတယ္..။ <span> အထူးသၿဖင္႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ႏုိင္ငံေရးေလာကမွာက အဲသလုိ နအဖ က ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေတြနဲ႔ ထိေတြ႔ဆက္ဆံလာၿပီဆုိ ၀ုိင္းေဆာ္ပေလာ္တီးခံရတာေတြက ေရွ႕မွာ သင္ခန္းစာေတြက ရွိေနေလေတာ႔…က်ေနာ္က ဖြင့္ေျပာမိတယ္။

 

" အန္တီ အပါအ၀င္..ဘဘ တုိ႔ကုိ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ အသိေပးထားခ်င္ပါတယ္..။ အဲဒါဘာလဲဆုိေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ အခုလုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတဲ႔ ကိစၥရပ္တုိင္းကုိ ရုိးသား ပြင္႔လင္းစြာလုပ္ကုိင္ေနပါတယ္ ...ဆုိတဲ႔အေႀကာင္းကုိ လူႀကီးေတြ သက္ေသထား အသိေပးထားခ်င္ပါတယ္" ..

 

ဦးတင္ဦးက ခ်က္ခ်င္းပဲ....... " ဘဘတုိ႔သိပါတယ္.. သားတုိ႔စိတ္မပူပါနဲ႔ "

 

ဒီလုိေၿပာလုိက္ေတာ႔မွ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔စိတ္သက္သာရာ ရခဲ႔တယ္။ ပြင္႔ပြင္႔လင္းလင္းေၿပာရရင္.. က်ေနာ္႔ကုိ မေက်နပ္လုိ႔ နအဖက ေထာင္ခ်ပစ္လုိက္မွာထက္ ....မိမိ ဒီမုိကေရစီ အင္အားစုေတြက အထင္မွား ဆန္႔က်င္မွာ ကို အေႀကာက္ဆုံးပါ။ တကယ္လည္းႀကံဳေတြ႔ရတာပါပဲ၊ ေနာက္ရက္မွာပဲ စာေတြၿဖန္႔တယ္၊ အဲဒီစာေတြက "က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတဲ႔ကိစၥေတြဟာ သစၥာေဖာက္လုပ္ရပ္ေတြၿဖစ္ေႀကာင္း၊ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ၀ုိင္း၀န္းဆန္႔က်င္ႀကဖုိ႔" ဆုိၿပီး လုပ္ေဆာင္လာေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ေတာ္ေတာ္စိတ္မေကာင္းၿဖစ္ခဲ႔ရပါတယ္။ ဘာတတ္နုိင္မွာလည္းေလ.. အန္တီေၿပာခဲ႔တဲ႔စကားအတုိင္းပဲ.. " ရည္ရႊယ္ခ်က္နဲ႔လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ေကာင္းမြန္ရင္ တေန႔ေတာ႔ နားလည္လာႀကမွာပါ " ဆုိတဲ႔ စကားကုိပဲ ႏွလုံးသြင္းရင္း ေၿဖသိမ္႔ခဲ႔ရပါတယ္။

 

"ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္ဆိုသည္မွာ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ အခ်ည္းအႏွီး မၿဖစ္။ မနက္ၿဖန္အထိ ဆက္လက္ အသက္ရွင္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ လူတစ္ေယာက္ကို အဓိက တြန္းအားေပးသည့္ ခြန္အားမွာ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္သာ ၿဖစ္သည္ မဟုတ္လား။ " ( စာေရးဆရာမ - ဂ်ဳး )

 

 အဲဒီေန႔က ၁၉၉၅ ခုနွစ္ ေအာက္တုိဘာလ ( ၁၀ )ရက္ သီတင္းကၽြတ္လၿပည္႔ေန႔ ၊ <span> ၿမန္မာ ဓေလ႔ထုံးလမ္းစဥ္လာမွာေတာ႔ အနေႏၱာ အနႏၱ ( ၅ )ပါး အပါ၀င္ လူႀကီးသူမ ဆရာသမား မ်ားကုိ လက္ဆယ္ၿဖာမုိး ရွိခုိး ကန္ေတာ႔ႀကတဲ႔ေန႔လည္းၿဖစ္တယ္။ ဒီလုိရွိခုိး ကန္ေတာ႔ႀကၿခင္းဟာ ၿမန္မာ႔ရုိးရာအစဥ္လာပါ၊ လက္ႏွက္ခ်ၿခင္းမဟုတ္၊အညံ႕ခံၿခင္းမဟုတ္၊ ေအာက္က်ခံၿခင္းမ်ဳိးလည္း မဟုတ္ပါ၊ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ စီစဥ္ခဲ႔တဲ႔ ဂါရ၀ၿပဳပြဲဆုိတာ သာမန္ႀကည္႔မယ္ဆုိ ဒီေလာက္ပါပဲ ၊

 

ဒါေပမယ့္ ရင္ထဲမွာရွိေနႀကတဲ႔ ရည္ရႊယ္ခ်က္ေတြလည္း ရွိေနပါေသးတယ္ ။ ဒါကေတာ႔ သင္႔ၿမတ္ၿခင္းမွသည္ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္လုပ္ကုိင္နုိင္ေသာ အမ်ိဳးသားၿပန္လည္သင္႔ၿမတ္ေရးဆီကုိ ဦးတည္ပါတယ္။ </span>အန္တီစု ၿခံ၀န္းအတြင္းမွာ ၿမိဳ႔နယ္အသီးသီးက လူငယ္ေတြေဆာက္လုပ္ေပးထားတဲ႔ မ႑ပ္ႀကီးကေတာ႔ အဲဒီေန႔မွာ တင္႔တင္႔တယ္တယ္ ႀကြားႀကြား၀ံ႔၀ံ႔၊

 

 

ပထမဦးဆုံး က်င္းပၿပဳလုပ္ခဲ႔တဲ႔ အခမ္းအနားဆုိလည္း မွန္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔အားလုံး တတ္ႏုိင္သေလာက္ တာ၀န္ေက်ပြန္စြာ ဖိတ္ေခၚခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ ပထမဦးဆုံးက်င္းပမယ့္ အခမ္းအနားဆုိေတာ႔ နည္းနည္းေတာ႔ ရင္ခုန္ပါတယ္ ။ ဘာၿဖစ္လုိ႔လည္းဆုိေတာ႔ ဒီအခမ္းအနားကုိ ေအာင္ေအာင္ၿမင္ၿမင္ ၿဖစ္ေစခ်င္တာ အမွန္ပါ၊ အဲဒီကာလက အေၿခေနကလည္း သိပ္အေကာင္းခ်ည္းမဟုတ္ေသးေတာ႔ ...ရန္စြယ္ အႏၱရာယ္ေတြကုိလည္း စုိးရိမ္ရပါတယ္။

 

အန္တီၿ့ခံ၀န္းထဲမွာ က်င္းပမယ့္ ပထမဆုံးအခမ္းအနားကုိ မပ်က္ပ်က္ေအာင္ လာဖ်က္နုိင္မယ့္ အရာေတြကုိလည္း ႀကိဳေတြးၿပီး ႀကိဳစီစဥ္နိုင္ေေအာင္ ဖန္တီးထားရပါတယ္။ လုံၿခံဳေရးကုိ ပါတီလူငယ္ေတြနဲ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသားေတြပဲ ယူခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ အန္တီစု ၿခံ၀န္း တံခါးေပါက္ႀကီးကုိ ဒုိးယုိေပါက္ ဖြင္႔လုိက္ပါတယ္။ အန္တီစု လုံၿခဳံေရးကို တာ၀န္ယူေပးေနတဲ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြကုိ အဲဒီေန႔မွာပဲ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံၿပီး "တေန႔တာ အတြက္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ တာ၀န္ယူေပးမယ့္ အေႀကာင္း " ကုိ သေဘာတူညီခ်က္ရေအာင္ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ႔တာ အဆင္ေၿပခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ (အန္တီက ေထာက္ခံေၿပာဆုိတာလည္း ပါတာေပါ႔ေလ၊)

 

အခမ္းအနား က်င္းပမယ့္ ခန္းမရဲ႕ေရွ႕ဘက္မွာေတာ႔ ႀကိဳဆုိေရးနဲ႔ မွတ္တမ္းဌာန ဖြင္႔ထားပါတယ္။ မွတ္မွတ္ရရ က်ေနာ္႔ရင္ထဲမွာ မေမ႔နုိင္တဲ႔ မွတ္တမ္းေလးတစ္ခုကေတာ႔ ...ဆရာေမာင္လင္းယုန္ ( ရွမ္းၿပည္) ေရးေပးသြားတဲ႔

ဆရာႀကီး မင္းသု၀ဏ္ရဲ႕ ကဗ်ာေလးပါ---------------။

 

 

ေဒါင္းပ်ဳိထုိးဆြတ္ ၊ ဘယ္ညာခြပ္၍ လြတ္လပ္ရေလ၊တုိ႔တေတြသည္ အုိးေ၀ ေက်းဇူးပါတကား။

....တဲ႔၊

 

တက္ေရာက္လာႀကတဲ႔ လူႀကီးေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ား မွတ္တမ္းေတြ ေရးေပးႀကပါတယ္။ (အန္တီစု အပါအ၀င္ေပါ႔ေလ၊) တက္ေရာက္လာႀကတဲ႔ လူႀကီးေတြ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားရွိပါတယ္။ မွတ္မိသေလာက္ဆုိ အေယာက္( ၆၀ ) နီးပါးေတာ႔ ရွိမယ္ထင္ပါတယ္။ ထူးၿခားတာက ထင္ရွားတဲ႔စာေရးဆရာႀကီး နန္းညြန္႔ေဆြ ၊ ၿမသန္းတင္႔နဲ႔ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းကိုပါ ဖိတ္ႀကားခဲ႔ပါတယ္။ ဆရာႀကီးေတြကလည္း တက္ေရာက္ေပးပါတယ္။ အမိ်ဳးသမီးထဲကေတာ႔ လူႀကီးပုိင္းက ဆရာမႀကီး ေဒၚႀကည္ဦး(ကုိဇာဂနာ့ အေမ) နဲ႔ ေဒၚႀကည္ႀကည္(သခင္ဇင္ဇနီး)ရယ္။ေနာက္ႏွစ္ေယာက္ကေတာ႔ အန္တီစု နဲ႔ ေဒၚခ်ဳိခ်ိဳေက်ာ္ၿငိမ္း= ေပါင္း ေလးဦးပဲ ရွိပါတယ္။

 

ရာသီဥတုကလည္း အဲဒီေန႔က ေတာ္ေတာ့္ကုိ သာသာယာယာ ရွိခဲ႔တာ ဆုေတာင္းၿပည္႔ခဲ႔သလား ထင္ရေလာက္ေအာင္ပါ၊ ကုကၠိဳင္း လမ္းမႀကီးေပၚက အန္တီစုရဲ႕ ၿခံ၀န္းေရွ႕မွာေရာ ၊ ၿခံတြင္းမွာေရာ ပရိသတ္ေတြအၿပည္႔ ။ ကားေတြ အစီအရီ ၊ၿပန္စဥ္းစားႀကည္႔မိတုိင္း ေအာက္ေမ႔ သတိရစရာေတြ ...ရင္ထဲ၀င္ေရာက္လာပါတယ္။ အခုခ်ိန္မွာ အဲဒီလူႀကီးေတြထဲက တခ်ိဳ႕ဆုိ ကြယ္လြန္သြားႀကပါေလၿပီ၊

 

စိတ္မေကာင္းစရာၿမင္ကြင္းတခုကလည္း ရွိေသးသဗ် ။ အန္တ့ီ ၿခံ၀န္းထိပ္နားက အေဆာက္အဦငယ္ေလးမွာ အၿမဲေနရာယူထားတဲ႔ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြက သူတုိ႔ထုိင္ေနက် ေနရာေလးမွာ ငုတ္တုတ္ကေလးေတြ ထုိင္ေနႀကေတာ႔ ..၀င္လာႀကတဲ႔ ပရိသတ္တိုင္းက သူတို႕ကို ၾကည့္သြားၾကေလေတာ့.. ပရိသတ္ရဲ႕အႀကည္႔ကို သူတုိ႔ အၾကည့္မခံႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ ထိတ္လန္႔သြားခဲ႔ပံုရပါတယ္။ေနာက္ဆုံး ဘယ္လုိမွ ေနလုိ႔မရေလာက္ေအာင္ကုိ ၿဖစ္လာၾကလုိ႔ ထင္တယ္။ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးေတြဟာ သူတို႕အိမ္ငယ္ေလးထဲ ေၿပး၀င္သြားရေလာက္ေအာင္ပါပဲ။ (တူေသာအက်ိဳးေပးဆုိတာ ဒါမ်ိဳးမ်ားလား။)

 

 

ဦးခြန္ထြန္းဦးကေတာ႔ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕ရုိးရာ တုိင္းရင္းသား၀တ္စုံအၿပည္႔နဲ႔ လာတာကုိ ေတြ႔လုိက္ရတယ္။ တုိင္းရင္းသားမ်ား ဒီမုိကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္က လူႀကီးေတြလည္း အသီးသီး ၊ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ရဲ႕အပါးေတာ္ၿမဲ (ဗုိလ္ထြန္းလွ ( တကၠသုိလ္ေန၀င္း ) ရယ္ ...ဗုိလ္မင္းလြင္ ရယ္၊) ၂ ဦးလုံး ေရာက္လာတယ္ ။ အမ်ိဳးသားဒီမုိကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္က ပါတီ၀င္ေတြနဲ႔လူငယ္ေတြကလည္းအၿပည္႔ ၊ သူတုိ႔ကေတာ႔ေပ်ာ္ေနႀကတယ္။ ေနာင္ဆုိ အခမ္းအနားေတြ ၊ ႏုိင္ငံေရးပြဲေတြကုိ လုပ္မယ္ဆုိ ပူစရာမလုိေတာ႔ဘူးေလ ၊ အန္တ့ီ ၿခံ၀န္းအတြင္းမွာ အဆင္ေၿပသြားၿပီ၊ နုိင္ငံေရးေလာကမွာ အတန္ငယ္ေပ်ာက္ေနတဲ႔ သူေတြကုိလည္း ၿပန္ေတြ႔ရတယ္။

 

 

အခမ္းအနား စေတာ႔ လူႀကီးေတြက စင္ၿမင္႔ေပၚမွာ ေနရာယူေပးတယ္။ အန္တီရယ္၊ ေဒၚခ်ဳိခ်ိဳေက်ာ္ၿငိမ္းရယ္ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ကေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ေက်ာင္းသား၊လူငယ္ေတြနဲ႔အတူပဲ ေနရာယူၿပီး လူႀကီးေတြကုိ ကန္ေတာ႔တယ္၊ ၿပီးမွ ေက်ာင္းသားေတြ ၊ လူငယ္ေတြက သူတုိ႔ႏွစ္ဦးကုိ ကန္ေတာ႔ႀကတယ္။ စိတ္ခ်မ္းေၿမ႔စရာ အေကာင္းဆုံးနဲ႔ ေပ်ာ္စရာအေကာင္းဆုံးၿမင္ကြင္းတခုက.. က်ေနာ္က လူႀကီးေတြ တစ္ေယာက္ခ်င္းစီကုိ နာမည္ေခၚ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးေတာ႔ တစ္ေယာက္ေခၚလုိက္တုိင္း... မတ္တပ္ရပ္ၿပတဲ႔လူႀကီးက မတ္တပ္ရပ္ၿပ၊ ထုိင္ရာက လက္ေထာင္ၿပတဲ႔လူႀကီးက လက္ေထာင္ၿပေပါ႔ ၊

 

 

ဆရာႀကီးမင္းသု၀ဏ္ကို နာမည္ေခၚ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးေတာ႔ ဆရာႀကီးက သိဟန္ မတူဘူး။ အဲဒါ ေဘးမွာရွိတဲ႔ ဗုိ္လ္မႈးေအာင္က လက္တုိ႔လုိက္မွ လက္ညႈိးေလးေထာင္ၿပတယ္ ။( အတန္းထဲမွာဆရာမက နာမည္ေခၚလုိ႔ လက္ညိႈးေထာင္ၿပတဲ႔ ပုံသ႑ာန္မ်ိဳးေလး။) လူထုက သေဘာက်လြန္းလုိ႔ ရီလုိက္ႀကတာ၊ တခါ ဗုိလ္မႈးေအာင္ကုိ မိတ္ဆက္ေပးၿပန္ေတာ႔ ဗုိလ္မႈးေအာင္က မသိလုိက္ၿပန္ဘူး။ ေဘးကလူက လွမ္းေၿပာမွ လက္ေထာင္ၿပတယ္။ လူႀကီးေတြအားလုံးလည္း ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ေနပုံရတယ္။ သခင္ခ်စ္ေမာင္က ဆုေတာင္းစကားကုိ ၿပန္လည္ေၿပာႀကားေပးတယ္။

 

 

မွတ္မွတ္ရရ ၿဖစ္သြားတာေလး တခုလည္းရွိေသးတယ္.. ။ ဒါက ဆရာေအာင္သင္းကုိ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က စကားေၿပာေပးဖုိ ႔ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံလုိ႔ ဆရာက စကားေၿပာေပးတယ္..။ စစခ်င္း ဘာေၿပာသလဲ ဆုိေတာ႔……

 

 

" ငါ လူငယ္ေတြ၊ေက်ာင္းသားေတြကုိ သနားတယ္ကြာ ..။ တကယ္ေတာ႔ မင္းတုိ႔တေတြဟာ.. စာသင္ရမယ့္ အခ်ိန္မွာ စာမသင္နုိင္..။ တုိင္းၿပည္တာ၀န္ေတြကုိ မႏုိင့္တႏုိင္ထမ္းပုိး .. ေထာင္ေတြတန္းေတြက်ႀက၊ အႏွိပ္စက္ေတြခံရ .. ငါ႔ရင္ထဲ မခ်ိဘူး …။ အဲဒါဘာၿဖစ္လုိ႔ .. ဒီလုိၿဖစ္ရတာလည္း.. သိလား.. မွတ္ထားကြ.. ငါ အပါ၀င္ ( စင္ၿမင္႔ေပၚကလူႀကီးေတြကုိ လက္ညိႈးထုိးၿပၿပီး ) ဒီလူႀကီးေတြ မေကာင္းခဲ႔လုိ႔ ....ည႔ံခဲ႔ႀကလုိ႔ ...ဒီလုိၿဖစ္တာကြ "

ဆုိေတာ႔ စင္ၿမင္႔ေပၚမွာရွိေနတဲ႔လူႀကီးေတြ ရုိးတုိးရြတ... လႈပ္စိလႈပ္စိေတ ြၿဖစ္ကုန္တယ္။ ေနာက္ဆက္ေၿပာေသးတယ္…။

 

 

" ရွင္ဘုရင္ဆုိတာလည္း.. ရွင္ဘုရင္အလုပ္ကုိ လုပ္ရတယ္… တေန႔ သက္ဦးဆံပုိင္ဘုရင္တပါးက တုိင္းခန္းလွည္႔လာေတာ႔ အမ်ိဳးသမီးတေယာက္က မန္က်ည္းပင္ေပၚမွာ အရြက္ႏုေလးေတြ တက္ခူးေနတယ္ေလ.. ။အဲဒါကုိ တေယာက္လွမ္းေၿပာတယ္..။" ဟဲ႔.. ရွင္ဘုရင္ႀကြလာၿပီ.. သစ္ပင္ေပၚက ဆင္း " ဆုိေတာ႔ .. သူကေၿပာတယ္.." ရွင္ဘုရင္..ရွင္ဘုရင္ အလုပ္လုပ္..မက်ည္းရြက္သည္က မက်ည္းရြက္သည္အလုပ္ လုပ္မယ္ ..." တဲ႔ ။

 

နားေထာင္ေနႀကတဲ႔ ပရိသတ္ လက္ခုပ္သံေတြ ညံသြားတယ္။ ( ေနာင္အခါမွေတာ႔ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းက က်ေနာ္နဲ႔ေတြ႔တဲ႔အခါ ေၿပာပါတယ္.. ။

"ငါ႔ကုိ ဒီလုိအခမ္းအနားေတြမွာ စကားေၿပာ မခုိင္းပါနဲ႔ကြာ..."တဲ႔။ .."ငါကလည္း မွန္တာေတြေၿပာမိရင္ .. ငါ႔ကုိ အေတာ္အၿမင္ကပ္ႀကမွာကြ..."တဲ႔ …။ ) တကယ္လည္း အၿမင္ကပ္ခံခဲ႔ရပါတယ္..။ က်ေနာ္လူႀကီးအခ်ိဳ႕နဲ႔ေတြ႔တဲ႔အခါမွေတာ႔ "ေနာက္တခါ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းလုိ လူမ်ိဳးေတြကုိ အခမ္းအနားဖိတ္ေခၚမယ္ဆုိ သူတုိ႔မလာႏုိင္ဘူး.."ဆုိျပီး ၿပင္းထန္စြာ ကန္႔ကြက္ပါေတာ႔တယ္….။

 

အန္တီကေတာ႔ လူငယ္ေတြရဲ႕အခန္းက႑ကုိပဲ ေရွ႔တန္းတင္ ေၿပာဆုိသြားပါတယ္။ " လူငယ္ေတြဟာ တုိင္းၿပည္မွာအေရးႀကီးတဲ႔အေႀကာင္း၊ သူ႔အေနနဲ႔ လူငယ္ေတြကုိ အားကုိးတဲ႔အေႀကာင္း " ေၿပာသြားတယ္။

 

အခန္းအနားၿပီးတဲ႔ အခ်ိန္မွာေတာ႔ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းက က်ေနာ္႔ကုိေၿပာတယ္..။" ေဟ႔ေကာင္.. ငါ မစုနဲ႔ေတြ႔ခ်င္တယ္ကြာ " ဆုိလုိ႔ က်ေနာ္ အန္တီစု ရွိရာကုိ ဆရာ့ကို ေခၚသြားၿပီး ေတြ႔ဆုံေပးေတာ႔…

 

" မစု.. က်ေနာ္႔ကုိသိလား "

 

ဆရာေအာင္သင္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕မ်က္မွန္ကုိင္းေလးကုိ မ တင္ရင္း ေမးလုိက္တယ္။

 

" ဆရာ့လုိ လူမ်ိဳးကုိ က်မ မသိလုိ႔ ဘယ္ၿဖစ္မလဲ ဆရာ.. သိပ္သိတာေပါ႔…ဆရာက နာမည္ေက်ာ္ပဲ " ဆုိေတာ႔ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းရဲ႕မ်က္ႏွာၿပင္ ၀င္းလက္သြားတာကုိ ေတြ႔လုိက္ရတယ္။

 

" က်မ မိတ္ေဆြတဦးက ၿမန္မာစာသင္ေပးမယ့္ ဆရာတေယာက္လုိ လုိ႔ ဆုိ ေၿပာတုန္းက က်မ ဆရာ့ကုိေတာင္ ေၿပးသတိရမိေသးတယ္ "

 

ဆရာေအာင္သင္းနဲ႔ အန္တီစု ရယ္ရယ္ေမာေမာနဲ႔ အိမ္ေရွ႔က ဆင္၀င္ေအာက္နားေလးမွာရပ္ၿပီး စကားေတြ ေဖာင္ဖြဲ႔ႀကေတာ႔တယ္။ က်ေနာ္လည္း က်န္တဲ႔ကိစၥရပ္ေတြကလည္းရွိေနေသးတာမုိ႔ အနားကခြာလာေတာ႔ ဘာေတြဆက္ေၿပာႀကလဲ မသိေတာ႔ဘူး။

 

ေနာက္ရက္မ်ား မႀကာခင္မွာေတာ႔ ဆရာေအာင္သင္းေရာ.. ဆရာႀကီး ၿမသန္းတင္႔ေရာ ႏွစ္ေယာက္လုံးကို စာေပေရးသားခြင္႔၊စာေပေဟာေၿပာပြဲေတြမွာ ေဟာေၿပာခြင္႔ပိတ္လုိက္တယ္လုိ႔ႀကားရေတာ႔တာပါပဲ။ တကယ္ေတာ႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဒီအခမ္္းအနားကုိ က်င္းပရၿခင္းရဲ႕အဓိကရည္ရႊယ္ခ်က္ကုိက သင္႔ၿမတ္ေစခ်င္တဲ႔ရည္ရႊယ္ခ်က္ပါ၊ ဒါေပမယ့္လည္း အတုိက္အခံအင္အားစုဘက္မွာေတာ႔ အတုိင္းတာတခုထိ သင္႔ၿမတ္မႈ႔၊ညီညြတ္မႈ႔၊ လက္တြဲလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈ႔ဆုိတဲ႔ အက်ိဳးရလာဒ္ေကာင္းေတြကုိ ေပၚထြက္လာေစခဲ႔ပါတယ္။

 

 

နအဖ ဘက္ကေတာ႔ သင္႔ၿမတ္ဖုိ ႔ေနေနသာသာ။ ႏွိပ္ကြပ္မႈ႔ေတြရဲ႕ အရွိန္က ေလွ်ာ႔က် မသြားခဲ႔ပါဘူး။ ဒါ အေတာ့္ကုိ ရုပ္ဆုိးအက်ည္းတန္လွတဲ႔ ကိစၥပါ ။ ဆရာေအာင္သင္း က်ေနာ္႔ကုိ ေၿပာခဲ႔တဲ႔ စကားေလးရွိပါတယ္……….။

 

" တုိင္းၿပည္ကုိခ်စ္တယ္ဆုိတာ..လူေတြကုိ ခ်စ္တာကုိေၿပာတာ..။ လူေတြကုိ ခ်စ္တာ တိုင္းျပည္ကုိ ခ်စ္တာပဲ။ တုိင္းၿပည္ကုိခ်စ္တယ္ဆုိၿပီး … ႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ေၿမႀကီးကို ကုန္းနမ္းေနလုိ႔ မရဘူး.. ။ တျခားတဖက္က စဥ္းစားမယ္ဆုိရင္.. လူေတြကုိ မုန္းတာဟာ..တုိင္းၿပည္ကုိ မုန္းတာပဲ ...."တဲ႔။

 

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔အားလုံး ေက်နပ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအခမ္းအနား က်င္းပေပးခဲ႔ရၿခင္းအေပၚ ပီတိေတြၿဖစ္ခဲ႔တယ္။ ဘာပဲေၿပာေၿပာ ......ဒီမုိကေရစီအင္အားစုေတြဘက္မွာေတာ႔ အတုိင္းတာတခုမွာ ညီညြတ္ေရးၿဖစ္ေစခဲ႔ၿပီ မဟုတ္ပါလား။

 

တရုတ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီး တိန္ေရွာင္ဖိန္ေၿပာခဲ႔တဲ႔စကားတခြန္းရွိတယ္…။

 

"ေႀကာင္ၿဖဴ ၊ေႀကာင္နီ၊ ေႀကာင္၀ါ ခြဲဖို႕မလုိဘူး…ႀကြက္ခုတ္တတ္ဖို ့ပဲ လုိတယ္ ....." တဲ႔။

 

 

( ေမာင္ေမာင္၀မ္း )

 

အပုိင္း ( ၈ ) ဆက္ပါဦးမည္။

 

အပုိင္း(၁)

for those who miss the part 1, the link is http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=163938440285660

 

 

အပုိင္း(၂)

for those who miss the part 2, the link is http://www.facebook.com/notes.php?id=100001368265940&notes_tab=app_2347471856#!/note.php?note_id=165032296842941



 

အပုိင္း(၃)

for those who miss the part 3, the link is http://www.facebook.com/notes.php?id=100001368265940&notes_tab=app_2347471856#!/note.php?note_id=166493873363450

 

 

အပုိင္း(၄)

for those who miss the part 4, the link is http://www.facebook.com/?page=1&sk=messages&tid=1304574273842#!/note.php?note_id=168471316499039

 

 

အပုိင္း(၅)

for those who miss the part 5, the link is http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=170106546335516

 

 

အပုိင္း(၆)-က

for those who miss the part 6-A, the link is http: http://www.facebook.com/notes/san-maung/-bi/172042392808598

 

 

အပုိင္း(၆)-ခ

for those who miss the part 6-B, the link is http://www.facebook.com/notes.php?id=100001368265940&notes_tab=app_2347471856#!/note.php?note_id=172043829475121

 

 

"မတရားမႈတခုမွာ သင္ဟာ ၾကားေနတယ္ဆုိရင္… သင္ဟာ ဖိႏွိပ္သူဘက္က လုိက္ဖုိ႔ ေရြးခ်ယ္လုိက္တာနဲ႔ အတူတူဘဲ"..........

 

"If you are neutral in a situation of injustice, you have chosen to side with the oppressor."............

 

San Maung

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Tuesday, November 9, 2010

EI LE EI


From: I:A:H:K = B-) <jockerkhai@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 3:42 PM
Subject: Re: EI LE EI
To: zozum@googlegroups.com


kei zong


On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 6:44 AM, ~ Peter ~ <zangsivon@gmail.com> wrote:
Ha Ha Ha,,,, Hibang daan te pawl hi ei thupi ka sak,,,


On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 4:47 AM, Nicholas Lian Thawn Pau <zogampau@gmail.com> wrote:
EI LEH EI.jpg

--

--



--
what's up?.........man.........

--


EI LE EI



---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: I:A:H:K = B-) <jockerkhai@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 3:42 PM
Subject: Re: EI LE EI
To: zozum@googlegroups.com


kei zong


On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 6:44 AM, ~ Peter ~ <zangsivon@gmail.com> wrote:
Ha Ha Ha,,,, Hibang daan te pawl hi ei thupi ka sak,,,


On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 4:47 AM, Nicholas Lian Thawn Pau <zogampau@gmail.com> wrote:
EI LEH EI.jpg

--
Zozumjournal na simnop leh www.zozum.com kisim denthei hi.
Zozum organization na etnop leh www.worldzomicongress.org ah ki simthei h.
 
Z-Zozum zuan gam leh minam,i Pasian a ding na sem khia!
 
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
Groups "ZOZUM" group.
To post to this group, send email to zozum@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
zozum+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/zozum?hl=en

--
Zozumjournal na simnop leh www.zozum.com kisim denthei hi.
Zozum organization na etnop leh www.worldzomicongress.org ah ki simthei h.
 
Z-Zozum zuan gam leh minam,i Pasian a ding na sem khia!
 
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
Groups "ZOZUM" group.
To post to this group, send email to zozum@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
zozum+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/zozum?hl=en



--
what's up?.........man.........

--
WZC member na lutnop leh www.zozum.com pan WZCForm ki fill-up thei hi.
WZC journal na simnop leh www.zozum.com pan kisim thei hi.
WZC organization network na etnop leh www.worldzomicongress.org pan ki enthei hi.

 
Z-Zozum zuan gam leh minam,i Pasian a ding na sem khia!
 
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google
Groups "ZOZUM" group.
To post to this group, send email to zozum@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
zozum+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
For more options, visit this group at
http://groups.google.com/group/zozum?hl=en

Saturday, November 6, 2010

Cartoons

EI LE EI

ZOMI VS AMERICAN


DEMOCRAT VS REPUBLICAN

Saturday, October 16, 2010

Sunday, September 19, 2010

Cloud Storage

Cloud Storage

As the increasing of the storage capacity trends, to have the best storage method is a vital issue of the company. Every outstanding company has been focusing on data back-up. Since they are doing that, there is no full trust in their storage device due to crashing hard drive for some reasons. Because of its benefits such as reducing expense and flexible way to access, cloud storage became a popular storage method or technology since 2009.

There are thousands of cloud storage providers on World Wide Web. It is pretty hard to say which one is the best as each technology brings each weaknesses and different strengths or fulfillments to the users. Some providers offer free access their server, some are on limited access, and some are required subscription fees. The lists of some cloud storage providers are as follow.


1. Dropbox
2. Sugarsync
3. ZumoDrive
4. GLADINet
5. Ubuntu One
6. Box.net
7. SpiderOak
8. ADErive
9. Amazon S3
10. Mozy.com
11. SDExplorer
12. Jungle Disk
13. Window Live Sync
14. SkyDrive



Before we make a decision to choose cloud storage, it will be better to know advantages of it. Hence, even though we know cloud storage reduces company expense, we are going to concern on our company privacy. As cloud storages are hosted by third parties, we cannot throw our full trust on them. Occasionally, the providers may undergo updating and maintaining their server. Meantime, we may face some problems such as difficulty in accessing server, poor bandwidth; and hardship in retrieving data. Additionally, cyber security is another issue. We could not say we or cloud storage will be never attacked by hackers and crackers.

Here, we would like to discuss on Dropbox and SkyDrive. Both of the companies are offering the best services to the user.

Dropbox
Dropbox is privately owned company. Dropbox provides 2GB of free online storage. Other op-tions include 50GB for $9.99 per month or $99.95 per year, and 100GB for $19.99 per month. These several options give us some chances to consider about the condition of our storage needed. We might not pay to enhance the capacity of storage space as long as we have enough one. There is no file size limit while you are uploading company data files. As we are diving deeply into the business environment, probably most of our advertising documents would be attached some heavy graphics file formats. There is no wonder the file size may large. So, unlimited file size in each uploading is a potential issue to focus on Dropbox. Although the storage capacity trend is high for the company, we can try 2GB using the free plan at the first stage. And then, we can see the benefits by observing time by time.

SkyDrive
There is no doubt everyone knows Microsoft. It was known publicly because of its dominating OS Windows’s series and Office Suite series. But less people know about SkyDrive. Here again, Sky-Drive is owned by Microsoft. We can get 25GB of online storage space without any charges. Using Sky-Drive is very simple. What you do is just create an account at site. Creating folder and uploading files to it may vary depending on how you can manage your cloud storage. We can know definitely the meaning of simplicity by using SkyDrive. There are some limitations. For example, 50MB per file for each uploading

After looking thoroughly, Dropbox is the better cloud storage company. Even though we have to pay for some, we can say it is much affordable price. Unlimited uploading file size is much valued to us.

By Zokhuva

References
Shelly, Gary and Misty Vermaat. Discovering Computers 2010. Boston: Course Technology , 2010
PC World. (2010, January 12). “Google Docs: Not the Only Free Cloud Storage in the Sky.” Retrieved August 28, 2010 from http://www.pcworld.com/article/186782/google_docs_not_the_only_free_cloud_ stor-age_in_the_sky.html
Associatedcontent from YAHOO. (2009, August 17). “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing. “Retrieved August 28, 2010 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2052513/the_ ad-vantages_and_disadvantages_of_pg2.html?cat=15
PCMag. (2009, March 25). ”Dropbox.” Retrieved August 28, 2010 from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/ 0,2817,2343852,00.asp
PCMag. (2009, March 3). ” 5 Great Microsoft Web Services You Probably Don’t Use” Retrieved August 28, 2010 from http://www.pcworld.com/article/159413/5_great_microsoft_web_services_you_probably_ dont_use.html?tk=rel_news

Saturday, August 28, 2010

MMMMM

Myanmar, Military Junta, Multi-Party Election, Muizawl & Me

Myamar, nidang in Burma, Zopau in Kawlgam, zaang gam. Kawl te teeng, Zomi te teeng, minam dang tuamtuam zong teeng. Tun Union of Myanmar, tumadiiak in Union of Burma. Zomi te gam Zogam. Zomi te Zogam ah teeng, Zaang gam ah teeng. Zogam pen, Kawlgam ah om. Kawl uk nuai ah om. Zogam pen Kawlgam hi lo, a gam nei Zomi te, a lengla kawlte. A gam nei te, a lengla ten uk. Zomi te citak, thumaan, thutang, zuau lo, khem lo, midang tung ah dik pha diak. Kawl te tung ah citak pha diak. Kawl te a hun khia Zomi te, Kawlte paampaih Zomi te, Kawlte simmawh Zomite te, Kawl te netniam Zomite, Kawl te suktuah a dal zo lo Zomi te. Burma te Zomi ten Kawl ci, Kawl ten Zomi te Chin ong ci leuleu.


Zomi ten nampi lungsim nei, thu khual, midang tung ah, thu hoih bawl. Tatsia lo. Midang bawlsiat ding gamtatsiatna tawh sawm ngei lo. Kawlmi, kua mi, kuakua, kua mah dang zong, lungsim siang a nei ding mah va tuak kha. Kawl ten lungsim kawi a neih lam tel kha lo. Kawlgam aa teeng, kawlgami, mipi phat tuam na ding bang sem ding. Sep theih sep mawh sem ding. Tan-10 ong(pass) ding, Galkap tum ding.Gal te kap ding. Liang tung aksi suang ding, Vei leh tak ah dim sak ding. Ka nei lai aa, ka sun mang. Galkap maw, mipi-kap maw, ka-minam kap maw, ka innkuamnpih-kap maw, ka nulepa-kap maw, ka sanggamulenau-kap maw.? Ken tua te thei lo, tel lo, Galkap ii a khiat-na tel na sawm lo, a ut aa ut hi pong.


1988 kum, kawlgam bup ah, lungpho na, buaina, so na piang. Sangnaupang tampi si. Ki kap lum. Zomi sangnaupang tampi zong, na ki hel kha ding. Ken tua te thei lo. Lam dung ah, sangnaupang te ki gual ngei ngai, pawl khat in, a lan(Flag) tawi, pawl khat in, puan san tawh, a lu gak, pawl khat in, liim pawl khat hal, pawl khat awng.. muh nop sa mahmah. Ut phial ta. Bang hang cih thei lo, muh nop sa, Tua zawh sangnaupang pawlkhat gam sung tai. Zomi sangnaupang pawl khat zong, gam sung tai. CNF min vawh. Tua zawh, ZRO cih dan te ong ki behlap toto. A mau te ken enpi, bang hang cih thei lo, a mau din khiat na, a hang tel zo lo. A hih hang, thupi sa mahmah. A mau dan ut. A mau thu muh zah, ken na muh lo, a mau lai theih zah ken na thei lo, a mau bang aa kei ka kum cing nai lo, Suahtakna, Freedom, Self Determination, Democracy, etc. cih te, zaza. A khiat na, ken na thei lo.


Ka Pa'n Radio ngei thei. Radio "On" sa aa, lum. Mei a san khat phia leplep, pasal aw khat za zel, numei aw khat za zel, la peuh ong pai zel, nai peuh khuang sak zel..bang thu bang la, ken thei lo. Ka Nu'n Zo Zuu huan. A gei ah laibu(leiba ciaptehna) khat nei. Khat vei, Mandalay pan, khuapih, sangnaupang khat Mogok ong pai ngei. A mau bel, Tedim aa teeng. Ka Nu tawh, ki ho ho uh. Kawl, Zomi, deidna, kawlte, laisiangtho, sisan .....ka tel khat zong om lo. Ka Nu lai tan, Zo lai sang tan-2, ka khuapihpa University maw College maw khat hi ngelngel ding. A mel hoih, a tha hoih, a mit hah, a gamtat zia, a pau zia mipil khat, sangnaupang pil khat hi ngelngel ding. A thu gen te, zak nop mahmah. A manglai theih zia, maimai lo.A mau ki kup ken thei lo. Zingsol Magazine Editor a hih lam zong, ken na thei lo. Ka theih lo tampi tawh kei.


1996 kum, August kha, St.John Mary Viani, Minor Seminary, Lashio ah, ni khat "Out Pass" ngah. Sum nei lo. Pai na ding nei lo. Biak Inn sung ah om cip. Robert Zahong, Anthony Zaw Min Laat, Bosoco tawh Bro.Tang-gun khan sung ah, la ngai. Sangnaupang te la ci. Music thei lo, uuk lo, a hih hang, ngai nuam tantan. Bro. pa'n ong phal taktak lo, a tawp na ah, kua mah dang kiang gen lo ding, kam ciam pia. Ngai..Zanop sa lua. ABSDF te la a hih lam, ken na thei kha lo. Tua ban ah, la at/la sak siam minthang, Htoo Ein Thin at a hh lam zong, thei kha lo. Theih lo tampi tawh kei.


Ka kiim ka paam aa, Zomi ten, Zopau thei lo, kawlpau aa pau, Kawlte hi lo, Zomi te. Kawl vai, kawl gong, Zomi te gataamciim ong thupi sim lo. Bang mah nei lo kei, lawm ding aa, ong deih lo. Zomin pua lo, kawl min pua. A min Kawl, a sisan Zomi. Tua a man thei lo, ken zong a thei hi tuan lo. Ka Pa'n inn sung ah, Zopau aa pau ding ci. Tua thu khun Military Curfew sang khauh zaw. Sang ah, ka min ki lang diak. Lai thei kei leng, ka min in ong dai pih. Ka min Zo min. Ka ginat lo' na, kei ginat lo' na, kei ong ko nuam ten, ka min lo', ka min tawh ong ko, ka Zo min ko, ka minam ko. Kei hang, ka minam dai. Ut lo, hanciam. Minam aa ding ka sep theih na, ka lai hanciam ding. NulePa a lungkim sak lah hi. Lai pil hi lo, lai kia ngei lo. Lai hat hi lo, mi nung ah om lo.Mogok Homai, Shantaw, Lashio ah Chin te, ong en neu ngam lo. Tua te ka Nu leh ka Pa hang cih, ken na thei lo.


Galkap kumpi deih lo, Democracy kiukna kisam. Democracy ii a khiat na ken na thei lo. Min hoih ci, min deih, mi tampi deih, a hoih hi pah lel lo dia. Galkap hi kei limlim leh hoih zaw ding. Galkap a hi zong, President a hi zong, MP a hi zong, Mang(British) ten, ong Colonization khit zawh, United Kingdom a kici gampi te kiang pan a na luah uh Hierarchy ki ukna, President khat ong koih, thu neih na nei peuh mah lo, Prime Minister leh a dangdang ten a utut aa vai hawm.. ( Queen Elizabeth ii thu vai hawm lo in, Prime Minister in thu vaihawm) Hih Unitary Policy a zaang Kawl te khuh nuai hi veve ding cih, ken na tel lo.


Democracy cih kam mal pen, 1525-35 kum, French kam-mal Democratie, Latin kam-mal Democratia, Greek kam-mal Demokratia teng ki kai khawm aa, a kibang Demo teng khempeuh tang (Demo) leh Kratia tang Cracy(+ Kratia- Cracy) gawm khawm in, Democracy cih kammal ong pian lam zong, ken na thei lo.


Kumpi(King)uk nuai aa om, mipi(Civilian) ten, kumpi bawlsiat a thuak lah uh ciang, kumpi langpang kik in, va sim, a zawh vua leh, a zo ten, kumpi(King)sem to leuleu. Kumpi lui mun a tuh kumpi thak te zong, kumpi za a ngah khit uh ciang, kumpi masa te mah tawh a kibang in, gamta leuleu.


Athens, Greece(Greek) ten, Democracy BC 508 aa na pan. A thu bul dap-phah pi ah, mipi khempeuh, suaktak na kibang, thu neih na kibang, thu khun nuai ah, satan ki kim gai, hih te khempeuh Constitution in, huam gai. Defination of Democracy : Majority Rules gam sung aa, a tam pen minam(minampi) te ukna nuai ah, minam neu minam dang te thu neih na Minority Rights a ki bang aa, kal suan khop kul.Hih ding Constitution in a huam kul. Hih dan a hi lo, minam khat aa ding bek ngaihsutna tawh, minam dangdang te thu neih na awlmawh lo, ut ut aa ong gamtat uh ciang, Democracy tawh a ki leh bulh kilkel Tyarrany of the Majority ong piang. Hih ong pian tak ciang, gam sung buai na piang, Gam sung buai na ong pian tak ciang, Galkap in, baih tak aa, thuneihna ong tang ziau. Galkap in, ong uk khin leh, ki zom zom cih te.....ken na thei khol lo. Theih ding aa zong, sawm lo ngaih sun nawn lo.

Min3Min hun lai in, a naupa, thu thei, thupil, thu ciim. mailam saupi a mu khol, mipi a deihsak, Ka- Naung-Minta, ki haza, a tu ten suam lum. ThiPawMin hun, a zi Suphayarlet in, thu neih na teng khempeuh tang nuam a hih man in, thu thei, mipil, galsiam, thucim teng khempeuh that gai. Mang kang te khut nuai a tun dong. General Aung San hun, kawl lak ah, kawl te aa ding Aung San kankan om ngei lo ding, ki suam lum leuleu. Thutak picing lungsim nei teng, hem khiakhia. YeBaw3Kyeik(ရဲေဘာ္သုံးက်ိပ္ ) teng bei gai. Tai manng. Saw Maung in, power pia ding a cih khit zawh, ki khawl sak. Khin Nyunt man ciip. Mipi aa ding, nasem thuhoih a bawl ,a vai hawm ma sasa, hih ci bang aa ki bawl. A mau leh a mau. Kawl leh kawl.Kawl leh kawl a ki bawlsiat ma, ei a dangdang te, ong bawl sia, ong hemkhia masa cih ken na thei lo. Karen minam General Smit Duun(ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ စမစ္ဒြန္း ), hem khia. A dangdang tuamtuam....


Innsein gal lai, Karen te khut nuai a tung ding, Kawl te, Zomi ten hun khia. I Pu te, galsimna, luang khaam aa, gal te i kap sak na te, i Pu te thupitna, i Pu i Pa te sisan tampi i sup lawh na te, Kawl tangthu laibu sung ah, lai gual khat kilkel zong, ki mu ngei lo cih ken na thei kha khol lo. Galkap kumpi a lang pang, Opposition Party tuamtuam leh, Democratic Front tuamtuam te ah zong, Zomi te hanciamna, Zomi te huhna laigual khat kilkel zong om ngei lo. Ki mu zo lo. U Thant hun lai aa, sangnaupang buai na ah zong, gambup Sang naupang makai Salai Tin Maung Oo ii thu, sangnaupang kipawlna tuamtuam ten, gina kician aa, a at uh om lo. Ki thei khol lo. Kawlgam tangthu ah, sangnaupang makai tampi, Min Ko Naing, Ko Ko Gyi, Ko Htay Kwae, Ko Min Zay Yar, Ko Mya Gyi, Ma Mi Mi, Ko Jaymi@Kyaw Min Yuh cih te gilbeem sung ah kum tampi khum cih ciang bek hi aa, kumpi thah lup, Sangnaupang Makai Salai Tin Maung Oo lo buang a dang khat bek zong om ngei lo. Hih pen, a mah Zomi a hih hang maw cih ken na thei tuan lo.Tangthu cih pen, lai tawh a ki ciam teh a hih lam ken na thei lo.


Kawl Opposition Party, Political Party, Democratic Front tuamtuam ten, Democracy vaihawm masa ding, Federal nunuun ding, Federal ding thupi masa lo, Democracy hi phot limlim leh, a dangdang te, damdam aa ki vai hawm toto thei ding, a thu bul phuh pi uh. Federal leh Democracy, lei leh ha, a khen tel thei lo, a kua kua in, kei ka minam leh minam dang tuamtuam te ong paam paih tawn tung cih, ken na thei lo.


1948 January 4 Sunday ni, U Nu thu gen,.......

Tuni aa i ngah suahtakna, minam khat bekbek ii suaktakna hi lo, gamsung aa om, Shan, Chin(Zomi),Kachin, Karen, Kaya, Rakhine, Mon, Burmese cih te khempeuh ii hanciamna, sisan tampi tawh, a ki ngah suahtakna a hih man in, hih i ngah suahtakna pen, Shan, Chin(Zomi),Kachin, Karen, Kaya, Rakhine, Mon, Burmese cih minam khempeuh ii suahtakna hi.

Kawl lai in, "ယေန႔ရရွိတဲ့ လြတ္လပ္ေရးဟာ လူမ်ဳိးေရးတစ္ခုတည္းရဲ႕ လြတ္လပ္ေရးမဟုတ္။ ျပည္ေထာင္စု
တစ္ခုလုံးမွာရွိတဲ့ ရွမ္း၊ ခ်င္း၊ ကခ်င္၊ ကရင္၊ ကရင္နီ(ကယား)၊ ရခုိင္၊ မြန္၊ ျမန္မာ အစရွိတဲ့ ေသြးခ်င္းသားခ်င္း ျပည္ေထာင္စုသား လူမ်ဳိးစုအားလုံးတုိ႔ စည္းစည္းလုံးလုံး ႀကိဳးပမ္းခဲ့ၾကေသာ
ေၾကာင့္ ရရွိလာေသာ လြတ္လပ္ေရးျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ယခုလြတ္လပ္ေရးဟာ ရွမ္း၊ ခ်င္း၊ ကရင္၊
ကရင္နီ(ကယား)၊ ရခုိင္၊ မြန္၊ ျမန္မာ အစရွိတဲ့ ေသြးခ်င္းသားခ်င္း ျပည္ေထာင္စုသား လူမ်ဳိးစု
အားလုံးရဲ႕ လြတ္လပ္ေရးျဖစ္တယ္။"


Ref: လြတ္လပ္ေရးေရႊရတု by ေအာင္ေစာဦ;, Lest We Forget by Colonel: Khen Za Moong(Rtd), ဧရာ၀တီ မဂၢဇင္း, Wikipedia The Free Encyclppedia,KG-Tenth Standard History Textbook., www.vansangva.com by Salai Kiip Kho Lian


MMMM or 5M or M5 ( hun ngah peuh ciang, zop lai ding...)

Saturday, August 14, 2010

ျမန္မာျပည္ရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး

ျမန္မာျပည္ရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး
From Myanmar Online Encyclopedia

ျမန္မာျပည္ရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံတြင္ ေမြးဖြားသည့္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ႀကီးပ်င္းသည့္ ပင္လယ္ရပ္ျခား တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။ တ႐ုတ္အစိုးရမွ တရားဝင္ထုတ္ျပန္ထားသည့္ စာရင္းအရ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ လူဦးေရ စုစုေပါင္း၏ ၃ % ခန႔္ရွိသည္ဟု သိရသည္။ လက္ေတြ႕တြင္မူ ဤအေရအတြက္ထက္ ပိုမိုမ်ားျပားနိုင္သည္ဟု ခန႔္မွန္းၾကသည္။ ခြဲျခား ဆက္ဆံျခင္းခံရမည္ကို စိုးရိမ္၍ မိမိကိုယ္ကို ဗမာဟု ​ေျပာဆိုေနသူမ်ား[1]၊ ​ ကျပားမ်ား၊​ ၁၉၉၀ ျပည့္လြန္ႏွစ္ေနာက္ပိုင္း အထက္ျမန္မာျပည္အတြင္းသို႔ အလုံးအရင္းအလိုက္ တရားမဝင္ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕လာသူမ်ားသည္ စာရင္းတြင္ထဲတြင္ ပါဝင္ျခင္း မရွိဟု ခန႔္မွန္းရသည္။

လက္ရွိအေျခအေနတြင္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံရွိ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို စစ္ဘက္အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားႏွင့္ အစုအစပ္ လုပ္ကိုင္ေနသည္ ဆိုဦးေတာ့ စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းအမ်ားစုကို ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ပိုင္ဆိုင္ၾကသည္ဟု ဆိုနိုင္သည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး အမ်ားစုသည္ ပညာေရးကို အေလးထားသျဖင့္ အဆင့္ျမင့္ ပညာေရး (တကၠသိုလ္ ပညာေရး) အထိ ဆည္းပူးသင္ယူၾကသျဖင့္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ၏ ပညာတတ္ လူတန္းစားတြင္လည္း တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး အေတာ္မ်ားသည္။

ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ ေအာက္ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး အဓိကအားျဖင့္ အုပ္စု ၃ စုေနထိုင္ၾကသည္။

* ဖူက်န႔္ျပည္နယ္မွ ဟုတ္ကင္လူမ်ိဳး (အကၤ်ီရွည္၊ လက္ရွည္)
* ကြမ္တုန္းျပည္နယ္မွ ကြမ္းတုန္လူမ်ိဳး (အကၤ်ီတို၊ လက္တို)
* ဖူက်န႔္ႏွင့္ ကြမ္တုန္းျပည္နယ္မွ ဟတ္ကားလူမ်ိဳး (စက)

ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားအနက္ ဟုတ္ကင္ႏွင့္ ကြမ္တုန္းတို႔မွာ ၄၅ % ခန႔္ရွိသည္။ [3] ဟတ္ကားလူမ်ိဳးမ်ားကိုမူ ၎တို႔၏ မူလဌာေနကို အစြဲျပဳ၍ ဖူက်န႔္ (福建省) မွလာသူကို အကၤ်ီရွည္ ဟတ္ကားႏွင့္ ကြမ္တုန္း (廣東省) မွလာသူကို အကၤ်ီတို ဟတ္ကားဟု ထပ္မံခြဲျခားထားသည္။ ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္မ်ားအနက္ ကြမ္းတုန္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ အဆင္းရဲဆုံး၊ အစိုးရဝန္ထမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ အခ်ိတ္အဆက္ေကာင္းသည့္ ဟုတ္ကင္မ်ားသည္ အခ်မ္းသာဆုံးဟု ျမန္မာမ်ားအၾကားတြင္ ေရွးရိုးစြဲအျမင္မ်ား ရွိသည္။

အထက္ျမန္မာျပည္ႏွင့္ ရွမ္းကုန္းျပင္ျမင့္ေဒသတြင္ အေျခခ်သည့္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးအမ်ားစုမွာ ယူနန္ျပည္နယ္ဘက္မွ လာသည့္ ယူနန္လူမ်ိဳး၊ ပန္းေသးမ်ားႏွင့္ ကိုးကန႔္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား အဓိကျဖစ္သည္။ ေတာင္တန္းေဒသမ်ားတြင္ ေတာင္ယာလုပ္ငန္းႏွင့္ အသက္ေမြးသည့္ ကိုးကန႔္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားမွာ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံအစိုးရမွ တရားဝင္ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳထားသည့္ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ တိုင္းရင္းသား လူမ်ိဳး တစ္မ်ိဳးျဖစ္သည္။ လက္ေတြ႕တြင္မူ ကိုးကန႔္တို႔သည္ ရွမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ဘာသာစကား အပိုင္းမွာေရာ၊ မ်ိဳးရိုးအပိုင္းမွာပါ ဆက္စပ္မွု မရွိေခ်။ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာကို ကိုးကြယ္ယုံၾကည္သည့္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ လုပ္ငန္းျဖင့္ အသက္ေမြးၾကသူ မူဆလင္ ပန္းေသးမ်ားကိုလည္း ေဒသခံမ်ားအျဖစ္ ယူဆထားသည္မွာလည္း အခ်ိန္ကာလ အေတာ္ေလး ၾကာျမင့္ၿပီျဖစ္သည္။ ကိုးကန႔္ႏွင့္ ပန္းေသးမ်ားမွာ ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူဦးေရ၏ ၂၁ % ခန႔္ရွိသည္။[3]က်န္တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားမွာ တ႐ုတ္ ျမန္မာ ‘ကျပား’မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။

ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္မ်ားသည္ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ဗမာစကားအား မိခင္ဘာသာစကားအျဖစ္ ေျပာဆို အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္။ တ႐ုတ္ေက်ာင္းတက္သူမ်ားလည္း ရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ တ႐ုတ္လို အေလာေတာ္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ကၽြမ္းက်င္စြာ ေျပာဆိုနိုင္သူလည္း မနည္းပါ။ ဖူထုန္းဟြ (အဂၤလိပ္လို Mandarin) ေခၚ ႐ုံးသုံး တ႐ု​တ္စကားအျပင္ အျခား ေဒသႏၲရ ဘာသာစကားမ်ားျဖစ္သည့္ ဟုတ္ကင္ (မင္နန္) စကားကို ေအာက္ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္လည္းေကာင္း ထိုင္ဆန္းကြမ္းတုန္စကားႏွင့္ ယူနန္စကားကို အထက္ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္လည္းေကာင္း ေျပာဆို အသုံးျပဳၾကသည္ကိုလည္း ေတြ႕ရွိနိုင္သည္။

ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေနဝင္းလက္ထက္ (1962-1988) အၾကားတြင္ တ႐ုတ္ေက်ာင္းမ်ားအား ပိတ္ပင္ခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ တ႐ုတ္စကား ​ေျပာတတ္သူ ေလ်ာ့နည္းခဲ့သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ယေန႔ေခတ္ ကမၻာအဝွမ္းတြင္ တ႐ုတ္စာ၊ တ႐ုတ္စကား အေရးပါလာေသာေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံတြင္လည္း တ႐ုတ္ေက်ာင္း အေရအတြက္ တိုးပြားလ်က္ရွိသည္။ ယင္းတ႐ုတ္ေက်ာင္းမ်ားတြင္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသာမက ဗမာႏွင့္ အျခားတိုင္းရင္းသား လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားပင္ တက္ေရာက္သင္ယူေၾကာင္း ေတြ႕ရွိရသည္။

ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္အမ်ားစုမွာ တာအိုဘာသာ၊ မဟာယာနဗုဒၶဘာသာ ေရာယွက္လၽွက္ရွိသည့္ ေထရဝါဒဗုဒၶဘာသာကို ယုံၾကည္ကိုးကြယ္ၾကသည္။ ကြမ္ယင္မယ္ေတာ္အား ကိုးကြယ္ျခင္းမွာ သိသာထင္ရွားသည့္ သာဓက တစ္ခုျဖစ္သည္။ တ႐ုတ္ႏွစ္ကူး ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ တ႐ုတ္ရိုးရာ ပြဲေတာ္မ်ားကိုလည္း ဘုံေက်ာင္းမ်ားတြင္ က်င္းပေလ့ရွိသည္။ ဘုံေက်ာင္းမ်ားသည္လည္း ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္မ်ား စုေဝးရာ၊ မိမိတို႔၏ ရိုးရာဓေလ့ ထုံးတမ္းအစဥ္အလာမ်ားအား ထိန္းသိမ္းရာ ေနရာ ျဖစ္သည္။

ပန္းေသးမ်ားမွာမူ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာဝင္မ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။

ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္အမ်ားစုသည္ ျမန္မာအမည္ေရာ တ႐ုတ္အမည္ပါ ရွိတတ္ၾကသည္။ အခ်ိဳ႕မွာ တ႐ုတ္အမည္ႏွင့္ အသံထြက္ ဆင္တူသည့္ ျမန္မာအမည္ မည့္တတ္ၾကသည္။ ဥပမာ ျမန္မာအမည္ ‘ခင္ေအာင္’ဟု ေခၚသည့္ တ႐ုတ္တစ္ဦး၏ တ႐ုတ္အမည္မွာ 慶豐 (ခ်င့္ဖုန္း) ျဖစ္ေကာင္း ျဖစ္နိုင္သည္။ ဤကဲ့သို႔ တ႐ုတ္ ျမန္မာ ခပ္ဆင္ဆင္ အမည္ မမည့္သည့္ တ႐ုတ္လည္း အမ်ားအျပား ရွိသည္။

တ႐ုတ္တို႔၏ ဓေလ့အရ မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္မ်ားအား ကင္မြန္းတပ္ရာတြင္ မ်ိဳးရိုးအမည္ကို ပထမဆုံး စာလုံးအျဖစ္ ေပးေလ့ရွိသည္။ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ရွိ ဘုံေက်ာင္းတာဝန္ခံတစ္ဦး၏ အဆိုအရ ရန္ကုန္တြင္ အေတြ႕မ်ားသည့္ မ်ိဳးရိုးအမည္မ်ားမွာ ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္းျဖစ္သည္။

1. လီ (李)
2. ဖုန္ (彭)
3. ရွီ (時)
4. တုန္ (董)
5. မင္ (閔)
6. န်ိဳ (牛)
7. ပ်ဲန္း (邊)
8. ရွင္း (辛)
9. ကြမ္း (關)
10. ရႊီ (徐)
11. ဟုိး (法)

ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ ေတြ႕ရွိရသည့္ တ႐ုတ္ဟင္းလ်ာမွာ ဖူက်န႔္၊ ကြမ္တုန္းႏွင့္ ယူနန္ျပည္နယ္ ဟင္းလ်ာမ်ားမွ ဆင္းသက္လာသည္။ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ ေကာ္ျပန႔္စိမ္း၊​ ေကာ္ရည္ေခါက္ဆြဲမွာ ဖူက်န႔္အစားအစာမ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ဆန္ျပဳတ္မွာ လူႀကိဳက္မ်ားသည့္ ကြမ္တုန္း အစားအစာတစ္မ်ိဳး ျဖစ္သည္။ ကုန္းေပါင္ႀကီးေက်ာ္၊ မာလေဟာ့ေပါ့၊ ငါးေခါင္းေျမအိုးတို႔မွာ ယူနန္၊ စိခၽြမ္းအစားအစာမ်ား (川菜) ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ ေအာက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ အစားအစာမ်ားသည္ ျမန္မာ့ေန႔စဥ္ အစားအစာမ်ားျဖစ္လာသည့္ တ႐ုတ္အစားအစာမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။

* ေပါက္စီ (包子)
* ပီကင္းဘဲကင္ (北京烤鴨)
* အီၾကာေကြး (油條; 油炸鬼)
* ထမင္းေက်ာ္ (炒飯)
* လမုန႔္ (月餅)
* ျမဴစြမ္ (麵線)
* ဆန္ျပဳတ္ (粥)
* ပန္းေသးေခါက္ဆြဲ
* ဆီခ်က္ေခါက္ဆြဲ (乾麵)
* ဖက္ထုတ္ (餃子)

ျမန္မာရွိ တ႐ုတ္မ်ား ပညာေရးအား အေလးထားပုံကို ေဆးပညာ၊​ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာႏွင့္ ပါရဂူဘြဲ႕ရသူ လူတန္းစားတြင္ တ႐ုတ္တို႔၏ အခ်ိဳးအဆ မ်ားျပားသည့္ အခ်က္မွ ေတြ႕ရွိနိုင္သည္။ အကယ္၍ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ၏ နိုင္ငံသားစိစစ္ေရးကဒ္ (တိုင္းရင္းသား မွတ္ပုံတင္ကဒ္) မရွိသူ အက္ဖ္အာစီကဒ္ ကိုင္ေဆာင္သူ တ႐ုတ္မ်ား တကၠသိုလ္တြင္ ေဆး၊ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာကဲ့သို႔ အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေက်ာင္း လိုင္းမတက္ရဟု ကာလၾကာျမင့္စြာ ပိတ္ပင္ထားျခင္း မရွိလၽွင္ အဆင့္ျမင့္ ပညာအရည္အခ်င္းဘြဲ႕မ်ား ရရွိသူ တ႐ုတ္ဦးေရ အခုထက္ ပိုမိုမ်ားျပားနိုင္ေၿခ ရွိသည္။ ယေန႔တြင္ ျပည္တြင္း ကန႔္သတ္ခ်က္မ်ားေၾကာင့္ ေငြေၾကးတတ္နိုင္သည့္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး မိဘမ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႔၏ သားသမီးမ်ားအား ထိုင္း၊ မေလး၊ စကၤာပူ သို႔မဟုတ္ အေမရိက စသည့္ နိုင္ငံျခားတိုင္းျပည္မ်ားသို႔ ပို႔ေဆာင္ကာ တကၠသိုလ္ ပညာကို ဆက္လက္ ဆည္းပူးေစသည္။ [4]


သမိုင္းမွတ္တမ္းမ်ားအရ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ေနထိုင္သည့္ အေစာဆုံးကာလမွာ တ႐ုတ္ ဆုန႔္မင္းဆက္ (ေအဒီ ၉၆၀ မွ ၁၂၇၉)၊ ပုဂံေခတ္ကာလ ဝန္းက်င္တြင္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ၁၈ ရာစုႏွစ္ပိုင္းတြင္ မင္မင္းဆက္မွ သမီးေတာ္တစ္ဦးသည္ လက္ရွိ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္ ေျမာက္ပိုင္းရွိ ကိုးကန႔္ေဒသတြင္ အေျခခ်ခဲ့သည္။ တ႐ုတ္ကုန္သည္မ်ားမွာမူ ဧရာဝတီျမစ္ဝွမ္းရွိ ဗန္းေမာ္ၿမိဳ႕အထိ သြားေရာက္ ကူးသန္းေရာင္းဝယ္ၾကသည္။ ထိုစဥ္က ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ အမရပူရၿမိဳ႕တြင္ အေျခခ် ေနထိုင္လာၾကသည္။ ၁၈၅၉ ခုႏွစ္ မင္းတုန္းမင္းက ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ကို အမရပူရၿမိဳ႕မွ မႏၲေလးၿမိဳ႕သို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ခ်ိန္တြင္ တ႐ုတ္ရပ္ကြက္သာလၽွင္ အမရပူရတြင္ပင္ ေနရစ္ဖို႔ ဆုံးျဖတ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။

၎တို႔၏ ေနာက္လာေနာက္သားမ်ားသည္ ေဒသခံမ်ားႏွင့္ စုလ်ားရစ္ပတ္ၾကကာ အမရပူရၿမိဳ႕ခံျဖစ္လာေတာ့သည္။ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသို႔ အလုံးအရင္းလိုက္ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕သည့္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး ေနာက္တစ္သုတ္မွာ ၁၈၀၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္ ေနာက္ပိုင္း ၿဗိတိသၽွ ကိုလိုနီေခတ္တြင္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ၿဗိတိသၽွ ကိုလိုနီအစိုးရက တ႐ုတ္ႏွင့္ အိႏၵိယနိုင္ငံသားမ်ား ျမန္မာသို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ေနထိုင္ေရးကို အားေပးသည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ႀကီးပြားခ်မ္းနိုင္သည့္ အခြင့္အလွမ္းမ်ားလည္း ရွိေသာေၾကာင့္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး အေျမာက္အျမား ျမန္မာျပည္သို႔ ေရာက္လာၾကသည္။ တခ်ိဳ႕မွာ မေလးရွားနိုင္ငံမွ တဆင့္ ေရာက္လာၾကသည္။ [3]

ထို႔ေနာက္တြင္ အျမတ္အစြန္းမ်ားသည့္ ဆန္စပါးႏွင့္ ေက်ာက္မ်က္ ေရာင္းဝယ္ေရး လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ တ႐ုတ္တို႔ ဝင္ေရာက္လာသည္။ ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ကုန္သည္ႀကီးမ်ား ျဖစ္လာသည့္အျပင္ လက္လီ၊ လကၠား လုပ္ငန္းရွင္းႀကီးမ်ား ျဖစ္လာၾကသည္။ ၎တို႔၏ ေအာင္ျမင္ပုံကို ‘ေငြကို တ႐ုတ္လိုရွာ၊ ကုလားလိုစု၊ ဗမာလို မျဖဳန္းနဲ႔’ ဟူသည့္ အဆိုတြင္ ထင္ဟပ္ျပသေနသည္။ ျမန္မာျပည္ေရာက္ တ႐ုတ္မ်ားသည္ ေဒသခံမ်ားႏွင့္ ဆက္ဆံေရး ေကာင္းမြန္သည္ကိုလည္း တ႐ုတ္တို႔အား ျမန္မာတို႔၏အေခၚ ‘ေပါက္ေဖာ္’ ဆိုသည့္ ေဝါဟာရမွ သိရွိနိုင္သည္။ [5]

၁၉၄၉ ခုႏွစ္ တ႐ုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္တို႔က ကြန္မင္တန္ပါတီႏွင့္ တိုက္ခိုက္သည့္ ျပည္တြင္းစစ္ပြဲကို အနိုင္ရကာ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္သူ႔သမၼတနိုင္ငံကို ထူေထာင္စဥ္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသည္ တ႐ုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အား ပထမဦးဆုံး အသိအမွတ္ျပဳသည့္ နိုင္ငံ တစ္နိုင္ငံျဖစ္သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ထိုစဥ္က ျမန္မာအစိုးရသည္ ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္းရွိ တ႐ုတ္မ်ားအား နိုင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားအျဖစ္ ဆက္ဆံခဲ့သည္။ ျမန္မာျပည္ရွိ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားအား နိုင္ငံျခားသားကဒ္ (FRCကဒ္) မ်ား ထုတ္ေပးၿပီး တ႐ုတ္နိုင္ငံသားဟု သတ္မွတ္ကာ အခြင့္အေရး အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို ကန႔္သတ္ထားသည္။ ျမန္မာျပည္ေရာက္ ကုလား (အိႏၵိယနိုင္ငံသား) မ်ားကိုလည္း အလားတူပင္ ျပဳမူ ဆက္ဆံခဲ့သည္။ [6]

၁၉၆၂ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေနဝင္း အာဏာသိမ္းၿပီးေနာက္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံ၏ အႀကီးအကဲ ျဖစ္လာသည္။ သူကိုယ္၌က တ႐ုတ္ေသြးစပ္သည့္ ကျပား ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္း၌ တ႐ုတ္စာ သင္ၾကားမွုကို ပိတ္ပင္ခဲ့သည္။ တ႐ုတ္မ်ား ျမန္မာျပည္မွ ထြက္ခြာသြားရန္ နည္းအမ်ိဳးအမ်ိဳးျဖင့္ ႀကံစီခဲ့သည္။ ထိုစဥ္အခါက ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့သည့္ တ႐ုတ္ - ဗမာ လူမ်ိဳးေရး အဓိက႐ုဏ္းကို ေနဝင္းအစိုးရက ကန႔္လန႔္ကာေနာက္ကြယ္မွ အားေပးအားေျမာက္ျပဳသည္ဟု အမ်ားက ယုံၾကည္ထားၾကသည္။[6] ျပည္သူလူထုမွာ လူသုံးကုန္ပစၥည္းရွားပါးျခင္း၊ ကုန္ေဈးႏွုန္း အဆမတန္ ျမင့္တက္ျခင္း၊ ေငြေၾကးေဖာင္းပြျခင္း စသည့္ ျပႆနာမ်ားမွ လူမ်ိဳးေရး အဓိက႐ုဏ္းဘက္သို႔ အာ႐ုံေျပာင္းသြားၾကသည္။

ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေနဝင္းက ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ ျမန္မာ့ဆိုရွယ္လစ္ လမ္းစဥ္ကို က်င့္သုံးခဲ့ၿပီး အရပ္သားပိုင္ ပစၥည္းဥစၥာမ်ားႏွင့္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို ျပည္သူပိုင္သိမ္းခဲ့သည္။ တ႐ုတ္ေက်ာင္းမ်ားအပါအဝင္ ေက်ာင္းအားလုံး ျပည္သူပိုင္ အသိမ္းခံရသည္။ တ႐ုတ္ပိုင္ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား အသိမ္းခံရၿပီးေနာက္ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳး ၁ သိန္းခန႔္သည္ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို စြန႔္ခြာကာ အျခားတိုင္းျပည္မ်ားသို႔ ေရႊ႕ေျပာင္း သြားၾကသည္။[6][7] ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေနဝင္းလက္ထက္တြင္ ဤကဲ့သို႔ ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံမွုမ်ားအျပင္ စီးပြားေရး ခၽြတ္ျခဳံက်လာေသာေၾကာင့္ တ႐ုတ္အေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားသည့္ တိုင္းတပါးသို႔ ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ကုန္ၾကသည္။

ယေန႔ ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ က်န္ရစ္ေနသည့္ တ႐ုတ္မ်ားသည္ အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ ရန္ကုန္၊​ မႏၲေလး၊​ ေတာင္ႀကီး၊​ ပဲခူး စသည့္ ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးမ်ားႏွင့္ အနီးတဝိုက္တြင္ ေနထိုင္ၾကသည္။ Global Witness ၏ စာရင္းအရ မႏၲေလးၿမိဳ႕လူဦးေရ၏ ၃၀ % ခန႔္မွာ တ႐ုတ္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။

From www.wikimyanmar.com.cc

Friday, August 13, 2010

Career Descriptions

In the age of Information Technology, web applications are widely used around the world. It is no wonder, all the software industries and software houses are trying to focus in web application. The numbers of web application programmer employed has highly increased. Sometimes web application programmer is called web developer. As they are posted as web application programmer, every individual of web application programmer must match certain qualification. To be a web application programmer, you must be able to analyze, design, develop, implement, and support web application and functionality. Some programming skills and multimedia knowledge are required to perform the above jobs. Specialized programming skills for web developer are HTML, XML, JavaScript, Java, C++, Perl, VBScript and multimedia knowledge includes such as Photoshop, Flash, Silverlight, and Dreamweaver.

Computer support specialist is called help desk specialist too. It is the good position to start as an entry-level in information technology fields. Basically, a help desk specialist solves the hardware problems, software problems, and some communication systems. Sometimes help desk specialist solve the problems in person and sometimes over the telephone. According to the various companies, help desk specialist needs to work evenings, weekends, or part-time

All the business organization no matter small or big that the organization is, they all rely on networks. So, Network Manager is an interesting career in information technology fields. Network Manager usually performs installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network system with the knowledge of local area networks and wide area network. Besides the technology skills, good oral and written communication skills are needed to be a network manager.

Programmer usually designs, writes, and tests the code. It is very important to have adaptable skills from one programming language to another. According to the software industries, the changes of technology will vary. So, the programmer must update their programming skills all the time.

As a new declared computer information technology student, I would like to pursue network manager focus because it is a kind of job mostly related to hardware rather than software. Even though the changes in technology are in both hardware and software, it is much easier to adapt the new hardware than learning the programming.

Reference
Shelly, Gary and Misty Vermaat.Discovering Computers. (2010). “Web Developer.” Retrieved July 31, 2010 from http://oc.course.com/sc/dc2010/index.cfm?action=learn&chapter=2
Shelly, Gary and Misty Vermaat.Discovering Computers (2010). “Help Desk Specialist.” Retrieved July 31, 2010 from http://oc.course.com/sc/dc2010/index.cfm?action=learn&chapter=3
Shelly, Gary and Misty Vermaat.Discovering Computers. (2010).” Network Specialist.” Retrieved July 31, 2010 from http://oc.course.com/sc/dc2010/index.cfm?action=learn&chapter=9
Discovering Computers. (2010). “Programmer” Retrieved July 31, 2010 from http://oc.course.com/sc/dc2010/index.cfm?action=learn&chapter=13


By Nicholas Pau

Thursday, August 12, 2010

Software Research

Microsoft Office 2010

As all users know, Microsoft is one of the biggest software companies on the world. It dominates all the PC hardware industry. We can see various versions of Microsoft Windows operating system in every PC. Here again, Microsoft Office 2010 is a well-known business software suite created by Microsoft. It was highly rated (4 of 5) by Jason Parker in the review article written on May 27th 2010 on www.cnet.com.

In CNet Editors’ review, for business and individual users who need professional level productivity apps, upgrading Microsoft Office 2010 is worthy. With Microsoft Office 2010, you can share your office works by using its web apps. A number of new features can save your time. Installation would be done within thirty minutes.

However, the update is not for everyone unless you are eager to try a new version. It will take time to learn a number of new features in every new version. It can cost you more.

Adobe InDesign CS5

The product of Adobe, Adobe InDesign CS5 is desktop publishing software. According to the reviews article by Matthew Murray written on April 12nd 2010 on www.pcmag.com, it was rated as “Very Good”.
In the review, the author states that Adobe InDesign CS5 is pretty much faster and easier than the previous version. Moreover, you can protect what you are doing by locking individual page elements. Adobe InDesign CS5 has so many useful tools that use in graphical designing and printing. They are easy to use. The amazing feature called Multithreading takes advantage the power of your computer’s multi-core processor.
Beside the advantages of Adobe InDesign CS5, still doesn’t have 64-bit support. To use the function, you must have a good knowledge of Adobe InDesign CS5.

References
Shelly, Gary and Misty Vermaat. Discovering Computers 2010. Boston: Course Technology, 2010
CNet. (2010, May 17).“Microsoft Office 2010.” Retrieved July 25, 2010 from http://download.cnet.com/Microsoft-Office-2010/3000-18483_4-75185041.html?tag=mncol#editorsreview
PCMag. (2010, April 12). “Adobe InDesign CS5.” Retrieved July 24, 2010 from http://www.pcmag. com/article2/0,2817,2362457,00.asp


By Nicholas Pau

Tuesday, August 3, 2010

Using the Companion Website

Using the Companion Website

After attending my first INFO- 1151 class, I have a chance to access online learning tools that I had not experienced before. To setup a member account, I typed in the URL “www.scsite.com/dc2010” in my Firefox browser address bar. I can see a little difference screen display from my course information book. Anyhow, I followed the step-by-step instructions. Finally, I was introduced to these learning tools in this exercise: Computer Genius, Crossword Puzzle, Practice Test, Quiz Yourself, Wheel of Terms, Key Terms, Chapter Review, Checkpoint True/False, Checkpoint Multiple Choice, and Checkpoint Matching. I realized that these are amazing learning tools.

Computer Genius is the tool I liked best. By spending time with it, I gained a lot of benefits from it. The instructions are clear and easy to understand. It is an exciting moment to hit the right or correct answer within sixty seconds. It is not only just a learning tool but also an entertaining game. I hope that it can lead me to become a real computer genius. Beside computer genius, “You’re hired” is the tool I liked least because it gave me such a boring time as well as hard time. Although the first two or three questions are easy to answer, the other remaining questions are pretty hard to guess the right answer.

The term or concept about application software is much familiar to me. But the “Convergence” is new to me. It is pretty hard to understand about this term with my knowledge coverage. “Convergence” term used to refer to the trend of manufacturers offering computers and devices with technologies that overlap. To know more, I tried to read about this term on page 18 again and again. I realized that this concept is least familiar to me.

By Nicholas Pau

Friday, July 9, 2010

ျမန္မာ တရုတ္ နဲ႔ တိုင္းရင္းသား*

ျမန္မာ တရုတ္ နဲ႔ တိုင္းရင္းသား

By ဦးေအာင္ခင္ + ညိဳညိဳလြင္ စေန, 03 ဇူလိုင္ VOA

 

တရုတ္ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဝမ္ဂ်ာေဘာင္း (Wen Jiabao) လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဇြန္လ (၂) ရက္နဲ႔ (၃) ရက္ေန႔ေတြမွာ ျမန္မာျပည္ကို ေရာက္လာၿပီး (၂) ႏိုင္ငံ သေဘာတူခ်က္ (၁၅) ခု ေနျပည္ေတာ္မွာ လက္မွတ္ထိုးပါတယ္။ ဒီအထဲမွာ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴက ေရႊလီအထိ ေရနံနဲ႔ ဓါတ္ေငြ႔ပိုက္လိုင္း ေဆာက္လုပ္တဲ့ စီမံကိန္းလည္း ပါဝင္ပါတယ္။ ေနျပည္ ေတာ ္မွာ (၂) ႏွစ္ၾကာ ေဆာက္လုပ္ရတဲ့ MICC – International Convention Centre ကိုလည္း ဝမ္ဂ်ာေဘာင္း က လွ်ဴဒါန္းပါတယ္။ ဝမ္ဂ်ာေဘာင္း ျပန္သြားၿပီး မၾကာမီ ဇြန္လ (၈) ရက္ေန႔မွာ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး ဖန္ခ်န္ေလာင္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္တဲ့ တရုတ္ စစ္မစ္ရွင္ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ေရာက္လာၿပီး ပူးတြဲေဆာင္ရြက္ေရးကို ေဆြးေႏြးပါတယ္။ အဲဒီအခ်ိန္ကစၿပီး တရုတ္-ျမန္မာ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမွာ တင္းမာမႈ ေလ်ာ့နည္းသြားၿပီလို႔ သိရပါတယ္။

 

ဗမာအစိုးရဟာ အခ်ဳပ္အျခာ အာဏာပိုင္အျဖစ္ ဂုဏ္ယူဝင့္ၾကြားေပမယ့္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားနဲ႔ ဆက္ဆံေရးမွာ အခ်ဳပ္အျခာ အာဏာကို အျပည့္အဝသံုးလို႔ မရႏိုင္တာေတြ႔ရွိရပါတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ နယ္စပ္ေဒသမွာ တဖက္သတ္ထင္သလို မဆံုးျဖတ္ႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ တရုတ္နဲ႔ အဆင္မေျပရင္ ဗမာအစုိးရရဲ ႔ ဘဝရပ္တည္ေရးနဲ႔ အာဏာတည္ၿမဲမွာ အမ်ားႀကီး အခက္အခဲရွိႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ တရုတ္-ျမန္မာ ေဆြမ်ဳိးေပါက္ေဖာ္ ခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရးနဲ႔ အျပန္အလွန္ ကူညီရိုင္းပင္ေရးဆုိတဲ့ သေဘာတူ စာခ်ဳပ္ေပါင္းကလည္း တရာေလာက္ရွိေနပါၿပီ။

 

လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ အႏွစ္ (၂၀) ေက်ာ္အတြင္းမွွာ ထင္ရွားတဲ့ျဖစ္ရပ္ဟာ တရုတ္-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္က တုိင္းရင္းသား လက္နက္ကိုင္ေတြနဲ႔ အပစ္အခတ္ရပ္စဲႏိုင္တာပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ နယ္စပ္ကုန္သြယ္မႈ ႀကီးထြားလာတဲ့အတြက္ စီးပြားေရးမွာ တရုတ္ႀကီးစိုးလာပါတယ္။ အစိုးရအခ်င္းခ်င္း စီးပြားေရးလုပ္တာရွိသလို ေဒသခံအခ်င္းခ်င္း ပူးတြဲလုပ္ကိုင္တာလည္း ရွိပါတယ္။ တရုတ္အရင္းအႏီွးေၾကာင့္ ကိုးကန္႔နဲ႔ ဝေဒသ ၾကြယ္ဝခ်မ္းသာ လာပါတယ္။ ကိုးကန္႔ေဒသမွာ တရုတ္စကားသာေျပာတဲ့ တရုတ္ေတြကအမ်ားစုျဖစ္ၿပီး ေတာင္ေပၚတရုတ္လုိ႔ ယူနန္မွာ လူသိမ်ားပါတယ္။ တရုတ္လူမ်ဳိး ကိုးကန္႔မွာ အေျခခ်ေနထိုင္လာတာ (၁၇) ရာစုျပည္မင္း (၁၆၆၁-၁၆၇၂) လက္ထက္ကတည္းကျဖစ္လို႔ အႏွစ္သံုးရာေက်ာ္ပါၿပီ။ ဝလူမ်ဳိးဟာ ယူနန္မွာေရာ ရွမ္းျပည္နယ္မွာေရာ ေနထုိင္ၾကၿပီး တရုတ္နဲ႔ အဆက္အသြယ္ပိုမ်ားပါတယ္။

 

ဗဟိုခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္မႈနဲ႔ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တဲ့ ဗမာစစ္အစိုးရဟာ တိုင္းျပည္ရဲ ႔ သဘာဝသံယဇာတ အားလံုးကိုပိုင္တယ္လို႔ ယူဆပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၈ အေျခခံဥပေဒအခန္း (၁) မွာ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္အေျခခံမူေတြကို ေဖာ္ျပရာမွာ 'ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သည္ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ရွိေျမအားလံုး၊ ေျမေပၚေျမေအာက္၊ ေရေပၚေရေအာက္ နဲ႔ ေလထုအတြင္းရွိ သယံဇာတ ထုတ္ယူသံုးစြဲမႈ၊ ႏိုင္ငံသားရဲ ႔ ပစၥည္းပိုင္ဆုိင္မႈ၊ အေမြဆက္ခံမႈ၊ ကိုယ္ပိုင္လုပ္ကိုင္မႈ စတာေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ဥပေဒေတြကို အစိုးရက ျပဌာန္းမယ္လို႔ ဆိုၾကပါတယ္။

 

ဒါေပမဲ့ တိုင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ဳိးစုေတြကေတာ့ သူတုိ႔ေနထုိင္ရာေဒသမွာ သူတုိ႔လည္း ဥစၥာပစၥည္း ပိုင္ဆုိင္ခြင့္ရွိတယ္လို႔ ယူဆၾကပါတယ္။ ဗမာစစ္အစိုးရဟာ ႏိုင္ငံေရး၊ စီးပြားေရး၊ စစ္ေရးအားလံုးကုိ ခ်ုဳပ္ကိုင္ထားလို႔တာမို႔ နယ္စပ္ေဒသ ျပႆနာကို ေျဖရွင္းလို႔ မရေသးတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

 

ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္အတြင္းရွိ လက္နက္ကိုင္အဖြဲ႔အစည္းအားလံုး တပ္မေတာ္ရဲ ႔ ကြပ္ကဲမႈေအာက္တြင္ ရွိရမယ္ လို႔ ၂၀၀၈ အေျခခံဥပေဒ အခန္း (၇) မွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားတာကိုလည္း တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြ လက္မခံႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ တုိင္းတပ္ဖြဲ႔ အသြင္းေျပာင္းေရးကိစၥကို ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲၿပီးမွ ဆက္လက္ေဆြးေႏြးဖြယ္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴ၊ ကုမင္ ေရနံဓါတ္ေငြ႔ ပိုက္လိုင္းဟာ ဝနယ္ေျမကို မေရာက္ဘဲ မူဆယ္၊ ေရႊလီဘက္က တရုတ္ျပည္ထဲ ဝင္သြားမွာမို႔ ဝနယ္ေျမကို ဗမာစစ္တပ္ ထုိးစစ္ဆင္ႏိုင္ဖြယ္ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒီအေတာအတြင္း ျမန္မာ့စီးပြားေရးမွာ တရုတ္က ဆက္လက္ႀကီးစိုးေနပါတယ္။ ဗမာစ္စစ္အစိုးရက တရုတ္ကို မီွခိုေနရသလို တရုတ္-ျမန္မာ နယ္စပ္ေဒသက တုိင္းရင္းသားေတြကလည္း တရုတ္ကိုပဲ မွီခိုေနရတာ ျဖစ္ရပါတယ္။ တရုတ္စာ တရုတ္စကား တက္ကြ်မ္းတဲ့ စစ္ဗိုလ္ဟာ ဝစစ္ဗိုလ္ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ အႏွစ္ (၂၀) အတြင္း ျမန္မာျပည္ကို နည္းမ်ဳိးစံုနဲ႔ ဝင္ေရာက္လာၾကတဲ့ တရုတ္ဦးေရဟာ တသန္းေက်ာ္ေနၿပီလို႔ ခန္႔မွန္းပါတယ္။

 

ေစ်းကြက္စနစ္က်င့္သံုးခ်ိန္ကစၿပီး တရုတ္ျပည္နဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရာက္တရုတ္ေတြ အဆက္အဆံ ပိုမ်ားလာပါတယ္။ တရုတ္ျပည္မွာ ထိုင္ဝမ္ရဲ ႔ ရင္းႏွီးျမဳပ္ႏွံမႈမ်ားလြန္လို႔ တရုတ္ကို မွီခုိသလိုေတာင္ ျဖစ္ေနပါၿပီ။ ဒီလုိ စီးပြားေရးေပါင္းဖက္သလို ႏိုင္ငံေရးမွာလည္း ေပါင္းစည္းႏိုင္လိမ့္မယ္လို႔ တရုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အစိုးရက ယူဆေနပါတယ္။ ထုိင္ဝမ္က KMT () ပါတီဥကၠဌ ၂၀၀၄ ခုႏွစ္က တရုတ္ျပည္သြားတဲ့ကိစၥကို တရုတ္-ထိုင္ဝမ္ ေပါင္းစည္းေရး အလားအလာအျဖစ္ ရန္ကုန္ တရုတ္ကုန္သည္ႀကီးမ်ားအသင္းက ေထာက္ခံတာကို ၾကည့္ရင္ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အရင္လို တရုတ္ျဖဴရယ္လို႔ မရွိေတာ့ဘဲ တရုတ္နီဘက္သားေတြသာ ရွိေနတာ ထင္ရွားပါတယ္။

 

ယူနန္တရုတ္အသင္း၊ ဖုခ်န္တရုတ္အသင္း၊ ဂြမ္ေဒါင္တရုတ္အသင္း စသျဖင့္ မိမိတို႔ ဇာတိျပည္နယ္ေတြကို ကုိယ္စားျပဳတဲ့ ျမန္မာျပည္က တရုတ္ကုန္သည္ႀကီးမ်ားအသင္းရဲ ႔ ႏိုင္ငံေရး ရပ္တည္ခ်က္ဟာ တရုတ္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္ အစိုးရနဲ႔ တသားတည္း ျဖစ္ေနတာကိုိ ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ ဂ်ပန္ဝန္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ကိုအိဇုမိ (Junichiro Koizumi) ရာစုကုနိ (Yasukuni Shrine) စစ္သင္းခ်ဳိင္္း သြားတဲ့ကိစၥကိုေတာင္ ျမန္မာျပည္ တရုတ္ကုန္သည္ႀကီးမ်ားအသင္းက ေဝဖန္ရႈတ္ခ်ပါေသးတယ္။ မိမိတို႔ ေနထုိင္ရာ တိုင္းျပည္ကို အဓိကထားသူ၊ မိမိအက်ဳိးစီးပြားကိုသာ အဓိကထားသူ နဲ႔ တရုတ္ျပည္ကို အဓိကထားသူ စသျဖင့္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွာ တရုတ္ (၃) မ်ဳိးရွိတယ္လို႔ ႏိုင္ငံျခားေရာက္ တရုတ္အေၾကာင္း ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ေလ့လာေနခဲ့သူ ပါေမာကၡ ဝမ္ဂန္ဝူး က ခြဲျခားထားပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာျပည္က တရုတ္ေတြမွာ ဘယ္လိုအမ်ဳိးအစားေတြ မ်ားပါသလဲ။

 

Sunday, July 4, 2010

ZOMI

Zomi is the name of an ethnic group of people that occupy Northwest Burma, Northeast India, and Northeast Bangladesh, and normally known as Lushai, Chin and Kuki to the outsiders. However, a single name "Chin" or "Lushai" or "Kuki" has technical limitation within its own context, since the Mizo (Lushai), the Kuki, the Bawmzo and other ethnic groups would not normally accept a single identity collectively. When the British divided the Zomis' inhabitance with three international boundaries into India, Burma and Bangladesh; the above stated three main distinctive identities emerged, although those given names were not being used locally, and were initially unknown to the natives.

Brief History of Zomi

The word "Zo" has many literal meanings such as "win", "respond", "higher altitude", "conquer" hill, mountainous place hihger elevation where climate is cold; and "Mi" means "people", human, person. Due to external dominance and influence, the Bengali called them Kuki, the Burmese called them Chin, the Indians called them Lushai but they never called themselves by those names. Zomi is the most commonly known identity regardless of their living in the plain, high altitude, South, North, East or West.

Professor F.K. Lehman, of the Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Illinois (USA), in his research findings, concludes that despite the variation in the form of writing, it appears to have a single root of Zo, Yo, Ysou, Shou and the like.

According to Rev. S.T. Hau Go, the term- 'Zo' is widespread throughout the inhabitance of Zomi from Burma to Bay of Bengal. For instance, they are known as, Yo in Thadous areas, Laizo in Falam areas, Zomi Tedim areas, Mizo in Lushais area, Zotung, Zophei, Zokhua in Haka areas, Bawmzo in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Yaw in Gangaw areas, Jo or Cho in Mindat, Khomi in Paletwa, A-Sho in Prome, Thayetmyo, Sandoway and Bassein areas. Thus, Zo or Zomi is the most widely used National Name.

However the names given by their neighbors such as Lushai, Kuki and Chin are not National names, additionally never able to cover the whole Nation. Only the name “Zo” is found to be the most common name among Chin-Kuki-Lushai.[1]

The racial origin of the Zo are considered to be a Tibeto-Burman race. There are many sub-tribes under Zo People who live in India, Burma and Bangladesh namely, Zomi, Mizo, Lai-Zo, Bawm-Zu, Cho, Asho, Khumi, Kuki, Mara (Lakher) etc. of the Sino-Tibetan linguistic family.

The ZOMIs are the original descendants (progeny) of a legendary person named Pu Zo, who is believed to be the elder brother of Pu Zing Phaw (presently known as Kachins). Though living under the present-day military-ruled Burma, the Zote were known to have lived independently and harmoniously since time immemorial. Due to lack of evidence and difficulties in excavating archaeological remains, the Zo's origins are difficult to be proved. Though widely believed to have descended from Mongolia, the routes to the present settlements are not clear. It is believed that the Zote have descended from Mongolia to China and to Tibet and to the present day Burma.

Many of scholars believed that the origin of the Zo people was somewhere in the North-Western China, more specifically, the area which lies between the upper course of the Yangtze and the Huang He rivers are believed to be the original home of the ZO people. S.K. Chatterji, also makes an attempt to identify the area of the North-West China between the head waters of Huang He and Yangtze: as the origin of the Sino-Tibetan migration in to India and Burma. Dr. Grierson wrote “tradition and comparative physiology agree in pointing to North-Western China between the upper course of the Yangtze and the Huang He as the original home the Sino-Tibetan ethnicaty, to which the Tibeto-Burman and the Siamese-Chinese groups belong”. It was also an accepted fact that this people belong to Tibeto-Burman stock.

This historical linguistic and ethnicity of the Zo people to the place of origin established this fact from thence; the Zo people had started their migration as their predecessors had done. They moved southwards, most probably via Tibetan Highlands then onto the Salween River and entered the Irrawaddy and Chindwin valley. They came into this region by following the route south-westward on the line of the Irrawaddy and the Chindwin. They settled in the watershed area of the Irrawaddy river and the Chindwin rivers for many generations and founded their kingdom “ Pupa Gam”. With the rising of the more powerful kingdom from south forced them to move to the east of river Chindwin. The Chindwin River is name by the Zo people as Tuikang (White Water). They crossed the river and settled in the area of Kale-Kabaw-Myittha-Yaw valley which stands still testimonial to our settlement todays.

It is also irony that some people less familiar or ignorant of their history interpret the name Zo to mean the climatic conditions of the highlands, “they occupy because they called the land with a cold climate of higher elevation “Zo”. This is totally a full misconception of the term and origin of Zo. It is in fact also contrary to the origin and progenitor Pu Zo. This must have been one of the most catastrophic historical interpretations, because the people called themselves Zo when they live in the plains of Burma and the valley of Manipur (India). Thus, the name Zo could not have come from the climatic conditions of this land. They are Zo not because they live in the highlands or the hills, but all Zo and called themselves Zo because they are the descendants of the great ancestor, “Zo”.

The Zo folksongs give the picture oh their settlement, prosperity and the civilization that evolved in the plains of Burma in the last part of the Thirteen century A.D. It is also further believed that the Zo had once upon a time established an independent state in the upper Chindwin areas. This observation about establishment of kingdom is clearly evident by the terms “Kumpi”, “Mangpa”, and “Lengpa” which are equivalent to kingships. These above terms are indeed interwoven with the Zo people till today.

The present distributions of the population of the Zo people and their most notable towns and villages can be seen from the Chindwin river in the east to Aizawl (Mizoram, India) in the west and from Kalemyo, (Burma) in the south to Imphal (Manipur, India) in the north. The hubs of their present settlements are all along most important routes of the region. They all spread all along the Indo-Burma road, the Tedim road and the Tamu-kalemyo National Highways.

Towns and villages along the Indo-Burma road are Sugnu, Singtom, Gelngai, Salem, Paldai, Sachich Tampak, Kathuong, Kholian, Muolnuom, Zangzom, Zangdung, Khuongtal, Denlha, Senam, Thuambuol, Khianglam, Lungtah, Gelmuol, Khuamun, Anlun, Naazang, Tonzangmyo etc.. towns and villages all along the Tedim Road are S. Muolnuom, Lamka (Churachandpur), Zoumun, Khianglam, Geltui, Gelzang, Buhsau, Hiangtam Khonou, Hiangtam, Singngat, Behiang, Khuaivum, Tonzang, Phungtong, Salzang, Tahzang, Lamzang, Gamngai, Tualmu, Gelzang, Gienchiel, Tedim. Moreover, apart from these routes and roads many Zo villages are scattering all other parts of this particular region. It will not be out of the text to include some more. In the Tuining, Singheu kual some of the notable villages are, Tuining, Vazang, Sangaikot, Kuvan, Tuaitenphai, Tuibul, Saiboh, Gangpimual, ZO Bethel, Khaukual, Moulom, Khuainuoi, Siongheu, Phaisan, Phaisat in Churachandpur distirict; In Tonzang Area to Khampat, Phaitu, Khamzang, Seksi, Thauthe, Maulawn, Liikhaan, Tuigial, Tuimang, Singtum, Sialthawzang, Boungkung, etc… The above towns and villages are aligned from North to South direction. There are other many villages which are not included here.

The Zo people took pride in calling themselves by this name for ages. The cultural heritage of the Zo people makes them whole as having a full blossom identity as Zo. This people traditionally named their sons and daughters, villages, places imbibing the great great progenitor “ZO”. Names such as Zogam, Zozaam, Zotui etc. stand testimonial to the affiliation that these people has had to their great ancestor Pu Zo from time immemorial.

In religion, the majority of the Zo people are Christians of the Protestant variety. Before that, animism was considered to be the most widely practiced religion, until the late 1800s and early 1900s when American Baptist missionaries from the U.S. and Lutheran missionaires from Sweden preached Christianity among the Zo people. 5 to 10 percent of people who profess to be non-Christians currently in Chin State, but the Zo people are the highest percentage practice Christianity there.

An estimated 15 to 20,000 Zomi live in the Chin state of Myanmar, another 15,000 in the Chittagong Province, Bangladesh and about 10,000 in the Indian side (Assamese State) of the Zomi homeland. Since the 1930s, tens and thousands of Zomi migrated out of the homeland to cities in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. However, the missionairy work of the Baptist and Lutheran churches brought thousands of Zomi to Europe (i.e. Sweden and Great Britain) and also to North America (primarily Canada and the U.S.). [citation needed]

Demographics
Identities

The simplification of term Zomi into English is Zo People. Zomi people who occupied part of India, Burma and Bangladesh are considered to be indigenous people. Zomi settled down in large part of Churachanpur district, Chandel district of Manipur State, India. The brethren, Thado-Kuki especially in India adopted the name Kuki which means hill people in Bengali language. Similarly Zomi in Burma are called Chin initially by the Burmans around 700 AD for the first time, and subsequently by the British. Zomi who live in Mizoram State of India referred themselves as Mizo, although the two terms Zomi and Mizo simply mean "Zo People". Basically Zo people covered the whole Chin State of Burma, the whole Mizoram State of India, part of Manipur State of India called Churachandpur District, part of Sagaing Division in Burma, part of Chittagong Hill Tracts[2], Bangladesh, part of Rakhine State in Burma. The area of the Chittagong Hill Tracts is about 13,184 km², which is approximately one-tenth of the total area of Bangladesh. It is believed that there are about 1 million Zo people in Mizoram, 5-700 thousands in Chin State, 300 thousands in Churachandpur district or Lamka and 2 million in the plain areas of Sagaing Division, Magway Division, Chittagong Hill Tracts,[3],and Rakhine State. The numbers of Bawm Zo[4] [5] in Bangladesh is believed to be around 6000.[6]

Zomi who settled down at the central part of Chin State are known to themselves as Lai Zo, because of the central location of their inhabitance. Additionally, the Lai Zo were fond of the idea of exclusiveness from the Zophei, Zokhua and Zotung people. Hence, the idea of dichotomisation was applied by using US-THEM method of segregation for centuries, in this segmentation. The LaiZo, later dismantled the word "Zo" from LaiZo and use only Laimi, however they are very much part of "Zo" or "Zomi". Nevertheless, the word "Laimi" only covers a small numbers of people at the center part of Chin State. On the other hand, the name "Zomi" or "Zo" covers people who called themselves Mizo, Zomi, Kuki, [Bawm] Zo and Chin as a whole.

The southern part of Chin State, Burma occupied by Asho, Cho people, nonetheless, the words simply are the indication of their beings as southern Zomi (Zomi People).

Religion

Traditionally animism was considered to be the most widely practiced religion among Zomi, until the Swedish-American Baptist missionaries preached Christianity around 1899, for the first time. Before the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 19th century there was a new religion in among the Zomi known as the Laipian. It is still practiced even in the present day. The founder of 'LAIPIAN' religion was Pau Cin Hau, Sukte. He invented the Zotuallai. Approximately there are about 5 to 10 percent of people who profess to be non-Christians currently in Chin State, the rest are Christians either by birth or conviction. A small but growing Buddhist population does exist in the southern and eastern parts of Chin State.

Ref : www.wikipedia.com

Gtalk Tips & Tricks

Gtalk nei lo, om lo phial ding. Ki nei kim tek. Ki zangh thei kim tek. "Gtalk na thei hia?" ci leng, "Zenzen" ong neu muh si cia ki ci kha ding. A lamdang thu ong hi nawn lo. A lamdang nawn lo Gtalk zangh ten, a lamdang pi khat aa, mi te zat theih zah sang, a tangzai pi tak aa, i zat theih na ding or i zat siam na ding deihsakna tawh Gtalk Tips & Tricks......

English-Zomi Dictionary( english2zomi@zodictionary.com )
Lawm te tawh ki ho kawm, laisim kawm, English-Zomi Dictionary na kisap ding leh, Gtalk ah english2zomi@zodictionary.com pen "Add" in. A "Add" zia pen, ki thei khin lua ding a hih man in, ong at nawn kei ning. Tua na "Add" khit ciang, english2zomi pen, ong "online" ding hi. Lawm dang te tawh ki ho/chat mah bang in, na theih nop peuhpeuh, khen suk le teh, ong dawng kik ding hi.

English-Burmese Dictionary ( en2mm3@mmgeeks.org )
Zomi khempeuh Media tawh ki pelh thei tuan lo hang aa, thu i theih nop leh Media tawh i ki zop ong kul tawntung hi. Theih nop thu khempeuh, Zolai in ki at gai lo aa, English or Burmese tawh a ki at te zong, i sim zel ong kul hi. Sangkah siamsin te aa ding, Dictionary ong ki sam hamtang in, zat nop i sak penpen i zangh tawntung hi. Gtalk zangh ten, English-Burmese Dictionary na deih ding vua leh, en2mm3@mmgeeks.org na "Add" un. A zenzen in, Burmese Font na neih kei leh, sikli nei bekbek ong suak kha ding a hih man in, hih mail a tawpna lam ah, "Font Installation Guide" na sim suak un.

English-English Dictionary ( dict@chatybot.appspotchat.com )
English bek mah nuam zaw, a khiatna ki tel khin zo zaw a ci te aa ding in, dict@chatybot.appspotchat.com pen na Gtalk ah na "Add" un. A zat dan pen, simple lua mahmah a hih man in, ong gen thuahthuah nawn dah ning. Ki Chat ding hi ziau lel.

English-Chinese Dictionary ( en2zh@bot.talk.google.com )
Zomi sung ah, Chinese pau/lai sin i om leh, English-Chinese Dictionary en2zh@bot.talk.google.com na "Add" in. Ki zangh thei mahmah kha ding hi.

SMS To Burma ( gtalk@etmsms.com )
Gtalk pan kawlgam SMS khak nop leh, gtalk@etmsms.com na "Add" in. A khak zia pen, SMS. Hih zong pen, a ki bawl khiat tun aa kipan, a hih zia ding, Zonet ah, ki khin a hih man in, hun bei sak in, ong at nawn dah ning.

Knowledge Bank ( webtoim@gmail.com )
Gtalk zat kawm in, theihnop khat peuhpeuh, thei velval nuam, i dot pak ding lah kua mah om pak lo cih dan peuh i om leh, webtoim@gmail.com na "Add" in. Na Gtalk ah ong "Online" ding hi. Tua ciang in, na theih nop ki dong thei hi. Dot zia ,,,,Who is the president of United States? , When was Microsoft founded? etc.

Health Calorie Count of Food Items ( calories@lifemojo.com )
Nisim nuntak na ding, i nek i dawn, ann leh tui ah, Calorie bang zah ki hel cih, i theih pakpak nang, hamsa hi. Medical Fields sung aa, nasem i hih kei buang aa leh, zong ki ngaihsun khol lo lai hi. A hih zenzen hang, tun Gtalk na theih nak leh, hih zong, a thei ta ding hi zel cei. Na Gtalk ah calories@lifemojo.com na "Add" in. Ong "Online" ding hi. Tua tak ciang, gentehna in, "Rice" cin khen ziau le teh, Calculation ong bawl semsem ding aa, "Rice" tawh kisai khempeuh ong kai khawm ding in, a Calorie pha zah ong gen kik ding hi.

Connect, Make Free International Calls ( phonenumber@talkster.gtalk2voip.com)
Phonenumber@talkster.gtalk2voip.com "Add" le hang, Gtalk pan, leitung mun tuamtuam free aa a ki call thei hi. Phonenumber cih na mun ah, "country code + area code+ phone number" teng a ki hel gai in, i ph. sap nop tek at ding hi hang. Lai mal gawm tawh "phonenumber" ci aa, at phei ding hi lo hi. A hi zong in, hih "Voip" ten, Dec 22nd 2009 khit zawh, service pia nawn lo in, Rebtel te tawh ki zom uh aa, tua pan zong, Account ki setup thei in, sap masak penpen Free Call ki ngah lai hi.

Local City Information ( asklaila@bot.im )
India sung aa om te aa ding hi. asklaila@bot.im na Gtalk ah na "Add" in. India gam sung aa, khuapi thupi, hotel thupi, mun thupi cih nengneng theih nop khat peuh peuh ki dong thei hi. Gentehna in, Mumbai khua aa, Movies lam tawh kisai bang a hih leh, "Mumbai Movies " cih khen ding.

Weather Forecast ( forecast@chatybot.appspotchat.com )
Mun tuamtuam aa om Weather Forecast thei nuam te aa ding hi. I Gtalk ah forecast@chatybot.appspotchat.com "Add" ziauh tawh, i om na mun ii khua hun Forecast nipi kal khat ai ding, a ki thei zo hi. Zat zia pen, i omna khua min, khen phot ding, tua khit ciang, a ma ong thuh kik ngak ding, ong thuh kik khit ciang, zip code khen kik ding. Zat nop mahmah hi.

Weather ( weather@chatybot.appspotchat.com )
Tuni khua hun bang ci ding, mei kai ven, guah a zu kha tam maw, cih ngaihsutna tuamtuam tawh, a pua pai khak ding sial lung buai thei i hi maw. Gtalk hong in, en pak ziau leng, nuam lo ding a hiam? Tua a hih leh, na Gtalk ah hih weather@chatybot.appspotchat.com na "Add" in. A zat zia pen, a tung aa, Weather Forecast mah tawh ki bang hi.


Shorten Uniform Resource Locator( surl@chatybot.appspotchat.com)
Hih pen thupi zong ki ci thei, thupi kei zong ki ci thei. A hih hang, khat peuhpeuh aa ding, phat tuam na khat a om khak ding leh, theih loh sang cih na tawh, ong at ingh. Internet i tut hun sung aa, i muh khak, a theih huai a thupi khat peuhpeuh, lawmdang te hawmsawn nuam, a URL Link email nuam ta, Copy tak mah leh, URL na sau lua,,,sau dendan mawk. Gtalk pan, neusek ni. Tua ma in, i Gtalk ah, hih surl@chatybot.appspotchat.com "Add" phot kul ding hi. A sawt lo aa, surl ong "Online" ding hi. Tua tak ciang, den-na URL Link a sau mahmah pen, Chat Box sung ah, Copy & Paste suk in, Enter mek le hang, URL Linke a tom no khat ong pia ding hi. URL pen Uniform Resource Locator a cih na hi.

Translation ( translate@chatybot.appspotchat.com )
Language khat pan khat ong translate sak ding hi. Na deih ding leh, na Gtalk ah, hih translate@chatybot.appspotchat.com na "Add" in. A zat zia pen, cih teng khen ding in, Enter mek ding. Gentehna, vi help cin kheng leng, Vietnamese tawh "help" ii lawh zia, ong translate ding hi. Language Code pen, a nuai aa dan hi.
Language Codes for Translation
AFRIKAANS af
ALBANIAN sq
ARABIC ar
BELARUSIAN be
BULGARIAN bg
CATALAN ca
CHINESE zh
CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED zh-CN
CHINESE_TRADITIONAL zh-TW
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YIDDISH yi

Font Installation Guide

Zawgyi-One-20060620 pen hiah na Download in. Mun khat ah "Save". "Save" na mun/Folder ah pai, "Zawgyi-One-20060620" pen "Copy", tua pan, "Start" button pai leuleu, tua sung pan, "Control Panel" zong, "Control Panel" sung pan "Fonts" sung ah, den-na na Copy "Zawgyi-One-20060620" pen "Paste" ding. Fonts Window khak ding. Window Restart ding.
Start -> Control Panel -> Fonts -> Paste "Zawgyi-One-20060620"-> Close Fonts Window -> Restart Window

Gtalk hong leuleu, "Settings" sung pan, "General", "General" sung pan, "Change Font" mek, tua teh, "Font" sung pan, den-na na Install thak , Font "Zawgyi-One-20060620" pen tel/Select ding in, OK mek ding. "General" pan OK mek leuleu ding.
Settings-> General -> Change Font -> Zawgyi-One-20060620 -> OK -> OK

Saturday, June 19, 2010

Happy Birthday

Biography of Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi (pronounced Ong San Soo Chee), Burma's pro-democracy leader and Nobel Peace laureate, symbolises the struggle of Burma's people to be free.

She was born on June 19th, 1945 to Burma's independence hero, Aung San, who was assassinated when she was only two years old.

Aung San Suu Kyi was educated in Burma, India, and the United Kingdom. While studying at Oxford University, she met Michael Aris, a Tibet scholar who she married in 1972. They had two sons, Alexander and Kim. On March 27 1999, while Aung San Suu Kyi was in Burma, Michael Aris died of cancer in London. He had petitioned the Burmese authorities to allow him to visit Suu Kyi one last time, but they had rejected his request. He had not seen her since a Christmas visit in 1995. The government always urged Suu Kyi to join her family abroad, but she knew that she would not be allowed to return.

Aung San Suu Kyi had returned to Burma in 1988 to nurse her dying mother and was immediately plunged into the country's nationwide democracy uprising. Joining the newly-formed National League for Democracy (NLD), Suu Kyi gave numerous speeches calling for freedom and democracy. The military regime responded to the uprising with brute force, killing up to 5,000 demonstrators. Unable to maintain its grip on power, the regime was forced to call a general election in 1990.

As Aung San Suu Kyi began to campaign for the NLD, she and many others were detained by the regime. Despite being held under house arrest, the NLD went on to win a staggering 82% of the seats in parliament. The regime never recognized the results of the election.

Aung San Suu Kyi has been in and out of arrest ever since. She was held under house arrest from 1989-1995, and again from 2000-2002. She was again arrested in May 2003 after the Depayin massacre, during which up to 100 of her supporters were beaten to death by the regime's militia. Aung San Suu Kyi remains under house arrest in Rangoon. Her phone line has been cut, her post is intercepted and National League for Democracy volunteers providing security at her compound were removed in December 2004.

She has won numerous international awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Sakharov Prize from the European Parliament and the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom. She has called on people around the world to join the struggle for freedom in Burma, saying "Please use your liberty to promote ours".

Aung San Suu Kyi was found guilty of breaking the terms of her house arrest after an American man, John Yettaw, swam to her house and refused to leave. She was sentenced to 18 months under house arrest on 11 August 2009.

Chronology

1945:
Born in Rangoon on June 19th, the daughter of independence hero and national leader General Aung San and Daw Khin Kyi; General Aung San is assassinated July 19, 1947. Aung San Suu Kyi is educated in Rangoon until 15 years old

1960:
Accompanies mother to Delhi on her appointment as Burmese ambassador to India and Nepal and studies politics at Delhi University.

1964-67:
BA in philosophy, politics and economics, St. Hugh's College, Oxford University. She is elected Honorary Fellow in 1990.

1969-71:
Assistant Secretary, Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, United Nations Secretariat, New York.

1972:
Research Officer, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bhutan; married Dr. Michael Aris, a British scholar.

1973-77:
Birth of sons Alexander in London (1973) and Kim (1977) in Oxford.

1985-86:
Visiting Scholar, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University.

1987:
Fellow, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Simla.

1988 March:
Student protests break out in Rangoon.

1988 Jul 23:
General Ne Win steps down as Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party(BSPP) after 26 years, triggering prodemocracy movement.

1988 Aug 8:
The famous 8-8-88 mass uprising starts in Rangoon and spreads to the entire country, drawing millions of people to protest against the BSPP government. The following military crackdown killed thousands.

1988 Aug 26:
Aung San Suu Kyi addresses half-million mass rally in front of the famous Shwedagon Pagoda in Rangoon and calls for a democratic government.

1988 Sep 18:
The military reestablishes its power and the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) is formed. The military again crushes the pro-democracy movement, killing hundreds more.

1988 Sep 24:
The National League for Democracy (NLD) is formed, with Aung San Suu Kyi as general secretary.

1988 Dec 27:
Daw Khin Kyi, mother of Aung San Suu Kyi, dies. The funeral procession draws a huge crowd of supporters, which turns into a peaceful protest against military rule.

1989 Jul 20:
Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest in Rangoon under martial law that allows for detention without charge or trial for three years.

1990 May 27:
Despite her continuing detention, the National League for Democracy wins a landslide victory in the general elections by securing 82 percent of the seats; the military junta refuses to recognise the results of the election

1990 Oct 12:
Awarded, in absentia, the 1990 Rafto Human Rights Prize.

1991 Jul 10:
Awarded, in absentia, the 1990 Sakharov Prize (human rights prize of the European Parliament)

1991 Aug 10:
The military regime retroactively amends the law under which Aung San Suu Kyi is held to allow for detention for up to five years without charge or trial.

1991 Oct 14:
Awarded the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize

1991 Dec 10:
Aung San Suu Kyi's 'Freedom from Fear' and other writings published in London.

1992:
The Nobel Committee reveals that Aung San Suu Kyi has established a health and education trust in support of the Burmese people to use the $1.3 million prize money.

1994 Sep 20:
Gen. Than Shwe and Gen. Khin Nyunt of SLORC meet Aung San Suu Kyi for the first time since the house arrest.

1995 Jul 10:
The junta releases Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest.

1995 Oct 10:
The NLD defied junta's ban on changes in party leadership positions and reappointed her as the party's General Secretary.

1999 Mar 27:
Aung San Suu Kyi's husband Michael Aris dies of prostate cancer in London. His last request to visit Aung San Suu Kyi, whom he had last seen in 1995, was rejected by the military junta which said if Aung San Suu Kyi wanted to leave the country she could do so. She refused the offer knowing that she would not be allowed to return to Burma.

1996-2000:
Aung San Suu Kyi defies travel bans imposed against her and continually tries to leave Rangoon. In March 1996, she boarded the train bound for Mandalay but citing a "last minute problem" the coach she was in was left behind at the station.

2000 Sep 02:
Around 200 riot police surrounded Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's motorcade near Dala and forced them to return to Rangoon after a nine-day standoff.

2000 Sep 23:
Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest.

2000 Oct:
Aung San Suu Kyi begins secret talks with the military junta. Substance of the talks remains secret, and UN Special Envoy Razali acts as a "facilitator."

2000 Dec 07:
US President Bill Clinton confers America's highest civilian honour on Aung San Suu Kyi. Her son Alexander Aris receives the award on her behalf.

2002 May 6:
Aung San Suu Kyi is freed after 19 months of house arrest.

2003 May 30:
During a tour of northern Burma, Aung San Suu Kyi and her supporters are attacked by the regime's militia in the town of Depayin. As many as 70 people were killed in the attack and over 100 people arrested, including Aung San Suu Kyi. Aung San Suu Kyi remained in secret detention for over three months.

2004 March:
Razali Ismail, UN special envoy to Burma, has his last meeting Aung San Suu Kyi.

2006 May 20:
Ibrahim Gambari, UN Undersecretary-General for Political Affairs, met Aung San Suu Kyi, the first visit by a foreign official since Razali's visit in 2004. Gambari met Aung San Suu Kyi again in November 2006 but his visit failed to secure any concessions from Burma's military regime.

2007 May 25:
Aung San Suu Kyi's term of house arrest was extended for another year.

2007 Sep 22:
Aung San Suu Kyi left her house to greet and pray with Buddhist monks outside her gate during the biggest demonstrations in Burma since the 1988 uprising. This is the first time she has been seen in public since 2003.

2007 Sep 30:
The UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari meets Aung San Suu Kyi in Rangoon.

2007 Oct 24:
Aung San Suu Kyi reaches a total of 12 years in detention.

2007 Oct 25:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets the regime's newly appointed liaison officer, Aung Kyi, but no details of their discussion are made public.

2007 Nov 6:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari. Text of Aung San Suu Kyi's statement released by U.N. envoy 08 November 2007

2008 Jan 31:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets NLD leadership. She asked that they convey to the public the message that "We should hope for the best and prepare for the worst."

"What I can say is Daw Suu is not satisfied with the current meetings with the junta, especially the fact that the process is not time-bound," NLD spokesperson Nyan Win said, referring to the lack of a time frame for the talks to achieve any results.

2008 Mar 8:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari.

2009 Feb 20:
Gambari meets jointly with Aung San Suu Kyi and members of the National League for Democracy.

2009 Mar 24:
The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issues a judgment declaring that the ongoing detention of Aung San Suu Kyi is illegal and in violation of both Burmese and international law.

2009 May 14:
Aung San Suu Kyi is arrested and charged with breaking the terms of her house arrest, which forbids visitors, after John Yettaw, a United States citizen, swam across Inya lake and refused to leave her house.

2009 May 18:
Aung San Suu Kyi's trial begins, held in closed-door hearings inside Insein prison. Aung San Suu Kyi's two companions and John Yettaw are also on trial.

2009 Jun 26:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari.

2009 Jul 03:
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon visits Burma but is not allowed to meet Aung San Suu Kyi.

2009 Aug 11:
Aung San Suu Kyi is found guilty and sentenced to 18 months under house arrest.

2009 Oct 03:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets SPDC Liaison Minister Major General Aung Kyi.

2009 Oct 09:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets the UK Ambassador and the deputy heads of the Australian and US missions in Burma.

2009 Oct 24:
Aung San Suu Kyi reaches a total of 14 years in detention, most of it under house arrest.

2009 Nov 04:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets a US delegation led by Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell.

2009 Dec 09:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets SPDC Liaison Minister Major General Aung Kyi.

2009 Dec 16:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets NLD party leaders Aung Shwe, U Lwin and Lun Tin.

2010 Jan 15:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets SPDC Liaison Minister Major General Aung Kyi.

2010 Mar 08:
The country's state-run newspapers publish the election laws, which ban Aung San Suu Kyi from taking part in the fake election. Click here for more information.

2010 May 06:
National League for Democracy Party in Burma is banned.

2010 May 10:
Aung San Suu Kyi meets a US delegation led by Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Campbell.

To access more,
http://www.burmacampaign.org.uk/index.php/burma/about-burma/about-burma/a-biography-of-aung-san-suu-kyi